<p> Organismal Biology 1030 A & B, Section Three Make-Up Exam, Spring 2010</p><p>Name: ______Section number: ______</p><p>1. Explain what physiology, in its broad sense, is. (2 pts)</p><p>2. What is the ‘great chain’ of biological complexity? (2 pts)</p><p>3. What are phytoplankton and why are they so important? (4 pts)</p><p>4. What are the main vegetative parts of a plant? (2 pts)</p><p>5. What are the functions of the root of a plant? (2 pts)</p><p>6. What is a petiole? (1 pts)</p><p>7. Differentiate between a taproot and fibrous root system. (2 pts)</p><p>1 8. Differentiate between stolons and rhizomes. (2 pts)</p><p>9. What is a tendril? (1 pts)</p><p>10. Differentiate between a fruit and a vegetable, biologically speaking. (2 pts)</p><p>11. Differentiate between plant determinate and indeterminate growth. (2 pts)</p><p>12. What is meristem? (1 pts)</p><p>13. Differentiate between xylem and phloem — what do they do; what are their main cell types? (5 pts)</p><p>14. What is the primary organ of photosynthesis in most plants? (1 pts)</p><p>15. What nutrient do most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of? (1 pts)</p><p>16. What are the three nutrients that are often limiting for plant growth and are therefore always in fertilizers? (3 pts)</p><p>2 17. How do plants get the carbon they need; what about the nitrogen they need — where does each come from? (4 pts)</p><p>18. Tell me about nitrogen fixation — what is it, what can do it, what is involved? (5 pts)</p><p>19. What is turgor? (1 pts)</p><p>20. Differentiate between adhesion and cohesion as it relates to water. (2 pts)</p><p>21. What are plasmodesmata — why do plants have them, what are they used for? (2 pts)</p><p>22. What are stomata — why do plants have them, what are they used for, how are they regulated? (2 pts)</p><p>23. What is an herbarium? (2 pts)</p><p>3 24. What are the key angiosperm adaptations that contribute to angiosperms’ widespread distribution about the earth? (4 pts)</p><p>25. What are the main advantages of sexual reproduction in all organisms? (2 pts)</p><p>26. Differentiate between the “alternation of generations” in ‘higher’ plants and ‘lower’ plants. (4 pts)</p><p>27. Tell me about each of the whorls that make up a flower — how many are there and what are their parts? (4 pts)</p><p>28. What organ of a flower produces pollen? (1 pts)</p><p>29. What organ of a flower receives pollen? (1 pts)</p><p>4 30. What do floral haploid microspores (male) produce? (1 pts)</p><p>31. What do floral haploid megaspores (female) produce? (1 pts)</p><p>32. What is the function of the endosperm and/or cotyledon? (1 pts)</p><p>33. What are the multiple functions of fruits? (4 pts)</p><p>34. What is the plant hormone linked to the saying "one bad apple spoils the bushel" and that ripens fruit? (1 pts)</p><p>35. Which plant hormone slows down growth and seed germination, and causes leaf abscission? (1 pts)</p><p>36. What do auxins promote? (1 pts)</p><p>37. What do cytokinins promote? (1 pts)</p><p>38. What do gibberellins promote? (1 pts)</p><p>5 39. What are plant phytochromes, and what do the do for plants? (2 pts)</p><p>40. Differentiate between gravitropism and thigmotropism. (2 pts)</p><p>41. What is plant senescence? (1 pts)</p><p>42. According to the Botany of Desire, what was the primary reason the apple was spread across the US Western Territory? (4 pts)</p><p>43. Why are agricultural monocultures a very bad idea, in spite of its widespread and prevalent practice? (4 pts)</p><p>44. Why, according to the Botany of Desire, has Cannabis been extensively bred and distributed about the world? (4 pts)</p><p>45. Tell me about Cannabis’ psychoactive component, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and how it relates to endogenous vertebrate brain chemicals. (4 pts)</p><p>6</p>