<p> Social Studies 2nd Benchmark</p><p>Study Guide</p><p>1. Define: Standard of Living</p><p>Capital Goods</p><p>Human Capital</p><p>Production</p><p>Economic Growth</p><p>Trade Barriers</p><p>Embargo</p><p>Quota</p><p>Tariff</p><p>Natural Resources</p><p>Products (Goods and Services)</p><p>Spice Trade</p><p>2. Why is it important that countries trade with other countries?</p><p>3. Know the following explorers, and what they did: </p><p>Christopher Columbus</p><p>Prince Henry the Navigator</p><p>Samuel de Champlain</p><p>Vasco da Gama</p><p>Ferdinand Magellan</p><p>Henry Hudson—He is an English Explorer from the 1500’s who was looking for routes to Asia</p><p>4. What were the main reasons for exploration?</p><p>5. What were the MAIN causes of war?</p><p>6. What started and ended WWI? 7. What started and ended WWII?</p><p>8. Which major industry led to the majority of all explorations?</p><p>9. In the late 1700’s, which European empire was the most powerful?</p><p>10. What was the Treaty of Versailles, and what did it require of Germany?</p><p>11. What was the Russian Revolution?</p><p>12. What kind of government did Russia have under Czar Nicholas II?</p><p>13. Who were the Bolsheviks, and who were they led by?</p><p>14. Why did the United States choose not to participate in the League of Nations?</p><p>15. What happened in Chernobyl?</p><p>16. Explain the Rise of Nazism in Germany. </p><p>17. What was the Cold War? </p><p>18. Why were the US and the USSR referred to as superpowers?</p><p>19. Explain the Holocaust.</p><p>20. Where and what were the environmental issues in Europe?</p><p>21. How do governments distribute power?</p><p>22. How do governments determine citizen participation?</p><p>23. Why was the European Union important to Europe’s economy?</p><p>24. Discuss the major religions in Europe.</p><p>Label the following countries and physical features in Europe: Danube River, Rhine River, English Channel, Mediterranean Sea, European Plain, Alps, Pyrenees, Ural Mountains, Iberian Peninsula, Scandinavian Peninsula, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, & Portugal </p>