Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Study Guide

Supplies: #2 pencils Pen White out Reading material

Review: At Home:  Review notes  Review vocabulary  Go over homework and labs  Use summaries at the end of each chapter to assess your recall and review areas that are unclear

In Class:  Gather old tests/quizzes and review  Ask specific questions or topics

Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Concepts: Levels of organization Characteristics of life Homeostasis and homeostatic mechanisms (negative and positive feedback systems) Body cavities and membranes (Remember vocab, i.e. parietal, visceral, etc.) Organ systems in general Anatomical terminology (relative positions, body sections)

Important figures/diagrams Figures 1.3, 1.6, 1.8, 1.10 (Membranes), 1.11 (Membranes) Tables 1.1

Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life

Concepts: Structure of matter: Atoms, elements and compounds Chemical bonds: Ionic, covalent and hydrogen Chemical reactions: Synthesis, decomposition, exchange, and reversible Inorganic compounds: Water Organic compounds: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Important figures/diagrams Table 2.6 Chapter 5: Tissues

Concepts: Major types of tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle Epithelial tissue: General characteristics and various types (locations and functions) Connective tissue: General characteristics and various types (locations and functions) Muscle tissue: Types and general characteristics Nervous tissue: Function

Important figures/diagrams Figures 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.17, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24 Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.6

Chapter 6: The Integumentary System

Concepts: Functions of the integumentary system Layers of the skin: Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous Layers of the epidermis Process of keratinization Melanin and skin color Accessory organs of the skin: Nails, hair follicles and glands Regulation of body temperature: The role of skin

Important figures/diagrams Figures: 6.1, 6.2, 6.5 Tables

Chapter 7: The Skeletal System

Concepts: Functions of the skeletal system The structure of bones Microscopic structure of bones: The bone cells and organization Formation of bones: Intramembranous v. Endochondral Repair of a bone fracture Axial skeleton and apendicular skeleton: The major bones of the skeleton The bones of the skull: 8 Cranium, 14 Facial Infantile skulls Bones of the vertebral column Bones of the thoracic cage Bones of the pectoral girdle and upper limb Bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb Joints and joint movements

Important figures/diagrams Figures: 7.1, 7.8, 7.11, 7.16, 7.20, 7.22a, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 7.28, 7.30, 7.32 Tables 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5

Chapter 8: The Muscular System

Concepts:

Structure of a skeletal muscle – connective tissues, organization The sarcomere – structure and role in muscle contraction Structure of a muscle fiber The neuromuscular junction and the motor unit Skeletal muscle contraction - Role of myosin and actin (Sliding filament theory) - Stimulus for contraction (See table 8.1) - Energy source and Oxygen supply/debt Muscle action – Threshold stimulus and the All-or-None response Myograms Smooth and Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle actions – Origin/Insertion and Prime mover/Synergist/Antangonists

Important figures/diagrams Figures 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5, 8.8, 8.12 Table 8.1