<p>NAME: ______DATE: ______BLOCK: ______</p><p>EARTH / ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW FOR ASTRONOMY TEST KEY TERMS Galaxy Satellite Electromagnetic Sun Super Nova Solar system Red shift spectrum Tilt Protostar Planet Blue shift Gamma ray Axis HR Diagram Orbit Seasons X-ray Magnetic field Parallax Kepler's Laws Gravity Ultraviolet Solar energy Apparent Magnitude Revolution Earths shape Visible light Nebulae Absolute Magnitude Rotation (Spheroidal) Infrared waves Red Super Giant Main sequence star Precession Circumference TV waves White Dwarf Neutron star Nutation Fusion Radio waves Black Dwarf Pulsar Barycenter Fission Radiation Black Hole QUESTIONS _____ 1. One astronomical unit averages about a. 93 million Km b. 150 million Km c. 210 million Km _____ 2. In the year 14,000, Earth’s axis will point toward a. Polaris b. Vega c. the Sun d. the moon _____ 3. What is the shape of a planet’s orbit? a. circular b. irregular c. elliptical d. constantly changing _____ 4. Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength? a. gamma rays b. visible light c. x-rays d. radio waves _____ 5. The thin, red rim seen around the sun during a total solar eclipse is the a. chromosphere b. solar wind c. corona d. photosphere _____ 6. The measure of a star’s brightness is called its a. parallax b. color index c. magnitude d. binary _____ 7. Which color stars have the highest surface temperature? a. red b. orange c. yellow d. blue _____ 8. Which object has such a strong surface gravity that light cannot escape it? a. super nova b. red giant c. black hole d. nebula _____ 9. What theory states that the universe began in a violent explosion? a. Doppler effect b. big crunch c. big bang d. Hubble’s law</p><p>10. Compare and contrast the geocentric and the heliocentric models of the universe. 11. Explain why the planets appear to have retrograde motion. 12. List and describe the 4 movements of the Earth.</p><p>13. Newton learned the orbits of planets are the result of what two forces? </p><p>14. What types of radiation make up the electromagnetic spectrum?</p><p>15. How do scientists determine the elements present in a star? Explain.</p><p>16. How can astronomers determine whether a star is moving toward or away from Earth? Explain using details.</p><p>21. What is the structure of the sun? Give one characteristic of each layer.</p><p>22. How does the sun produce energy? Be through in your answer.</p><p>23. The H-R diagram shows the relationship between what two factors?</p><p>24. Describe the life cycle of the sun. 25. Describe the size and structure of the Milky Way Galaxy.</p>