Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-72644-3 - The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book, Second Edition Simon Bricker Index More information Index A a2-adrenoceptor agonists abciximab 261 local anaesthesia spinal adjuncts 229 abdominal obesity 171 stress response to surgery 175 abnormal placentation, postpartum haemorrhage a2-adrenoceptor blockers, cardiac output 233 (PPH) 383 b-adrenoceptors 239 abnormal respiration 113 adrenaline 179 abnormal waveforms, capnography 292 b-adrenoceptor blockers 237, 238–41 ABO blood group, see blood groups cardiac output 232 absolute humidity 332 cocaine overdose management 254 absolute pressure 318 intraocular pressure 152 absorption atelectasis 136 b2-adrenoceptor blockers 267 acarbose 277 adrenocortical suppression, etomidate 201 acceleromyography 156 AEP, see auditory evoked potentials ACE inhibitors 242 afferents, autonomic nervous system 23 acetylcholine 23 age/ageing 172–4 muscle action potentials 154 subarachnoid (spinal) anaesthesia 83 postjunctional nicotinic receptors 154 air embolism N-acetylcysteine, paracetamol overdose 252 ultrasound 338 acidosis venous cannulation 18 hypercapnic 121 air-filled spaces, nitrous oxide 206 lactic 111 airway(s) acquired immune response, see immune response awareness 284 activated protein C, sepsis management 399 goitre effects 187 active scavenging systems 312 irritation 203–4 acute haemolytic reactions 372 thyroid disease 187 acute lung disease, compliance 120 upper, see upper airways acute normovolaemic haemodilution 371 airway management acute phase proteins, sepsis 399 neonates/infants 165 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 122–3 nose 28 acyanotic congenital heart disease, see congenital albumin 185 heart disease alcohol Addisonian crisis 176 overdose 253, 255 additives, nutritional support 190 withdrawal, clonidine 234 adenosine 237 alcohol thermometers 328 adenylyl cyclase, inotropes 246 alfentanil, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 215 adjuvant drugs, subarachnoid (spinal) anaesthesia 83 alkalinization, see local anaesthesia adrenaline 178–80, 247 allergic reactions hypotension management 246 blood transfusion 372 local anaesthesia 223 local anaesthesia 222 a-adrenoceptors, adrenaline 179, 180 thiopental 201 a-adrenoceptor blockers, systemic vascular see also anaphylaxis resistance (SVR) 231 a1-acid glycoprotein, local anaesthetic binding 221 405 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-72644-3 - The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book, Second Edition Simon Bricker Index More information Index altitude effect, vaporizers 303 anterior cardiac vein 48 ambient light interference, pulse oximetry anterior radicular artery of Adamkiewicz 62 289 anterior spinal artery 61, 62 amethocaine 220 anti-arrhythmic drugs 235–8 aminergic neurotransmitters 181 ‘Sicilian Gambit’ classification 237 amiodarone 220 Vaughan–Williams classification 236–7 AMPA receptors, general anaesthesia 361 see also specific drugs amphetamines, abuse of 256 antibiotics, sepsis management 399 amplification, biological potentials 350 antibodies 400 Amsorb 310 anticholinesterases 230 anaemic hypoxia, hyperbaric oxygen 133 anticoagulant drugs 258–62 anaesthesia intra-arterial injection 80 breathing effects 116 antidepressant drugs 251 depth of, see depth of anaesthesia antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 351 heat loss mechanisms 329 antidopaminergic drugs 250 during magnetic resonance imaging 336 anti-hypertensive drugs 241–3 monitoring 336 anti-inflammatory effects, non-steroidal pneumothorax 101, 102 anti-inflammatory drugs 263 postoperative nausea and vomiting 168, antimuscarinic drugs 250 249 antineoplastic effects, non-steroidal anaesthetic breathing systems 304–9 anti-inflammatory drugs 264 anaesthetic machine 296–8 antiplatelet drugs 261 analgesia/analgesics 393 antipyretic action, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory complex regional pain syndromes 388 drugs 263 foot 95 antiserotoninergic drugs 250 magnesium sulphate 265 antisialogogue effect, clonidine 234 nitrous oxide 206 antithrombotic effects, non-steroidal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs anti-inflammatory drugs 263 263 anxiolysis, clonidine 234 analysis of variance (ANOVA), statistics 354 aorta anaphylactoid reactions 397 lumbar region 99 see also allergic reactions surgery, spinal cord injury 62 anaphylaxis aortic incompetence 379–80 adrenaline 178 aortic stenosis 378–9 management 364 aortic valve disease 378–80 suxamethonium 212 see also aortic incompetence; aortic stenosis see also allergic reactions aortocaval compression, see pregnancy anatomy 7–8, 13–99 apnoea 112, 116–18 aneroid pressure gauges 318 testing, brain stem death 366 angina pectoris 50–1 apnoeic oxygenation 116 b-adrenoceptor blockers 239 appearance 2–3 stellate ganglion block 45 aqueous humour 98 angiotensin antagonists 242 intraocular pressure 151 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors arachnoid mater 81 242 argon lasers 334 ankle block 96 arrhythmias, see cardiac arrhythmias antecubital fossa 76–8 arterial pressure, cerebral blood flow 150 anterior approach arterial pulmonary hypertension 141 sciatic nerve block 94 arterial supply, cerebral circulation 13–14 stellate ganglion block 46 arterial tourniquet 400–3 406 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-72644-3 - The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book, Second Edition Simon Bricker Index More information Index arytenoid cartilage 35, 36 beta-blockers, see b-adrenoceptor blockers aspirin 261 Bezold–Jarisch reflex 243 asthma 123–5 bicarbonate magnesium sulphate 265 diabetic ketoacidosis management 390 atelectrauma 121 local anaesthesia alkalinization 223 atenolol, cardiac output 232 biguanides 276 atracurium 209 bile synthesis 59 metabolism 210 bilirubin formation 362 atrial fibrillation (AF) 238, 345 binding effects, local anaesthesia 221 atrial septal defect (ASD) 161 bioavailability 277–80 attenuation, ultrasound 338 biological potentials 349–50 auditory evoked potentials (AEP) 288 biotrauma 121 depth of anaesthesia measurement 285 bipolar surgical diathermy 348 auriculotemporal nerve block 31 birth, uterine activity 269 autologous blood donation 371 bispectral analysis, depth of anaesthesia 286 autonomic nervous system 21–4 bispectral index (BIS), depth of anaesthesia ageing 172 286 denervation, cardiac transplants 49 bleeding, see blood loss myocardial innervation 50 blinding, clinical trials 281 stress response to surgery 174 blood, fluid therapy 109 autonomic neuropathy 22 blood–gas partition coefficient 203 autonomic regulation failure, complex blood groups 369–73 regional pain syndromes (CRPS) blood loss 386 compensatory responses 110–12 Avogadro’s law 314 fluid therapy 108 relevance 315 percutaneous tracheostomy 44 awake patient, pneumothorax 102 subarachnoid 14 awareness 283–4 blood solubility, inhalational anesthetics 203 ‘a’ wave, central venous pressure (CVP) 103 blood supply, nose 27 axillary brachial plexus block 70 blood temperature, massive blood transfusion 372 B blood transfusion 369–71 back bar, anaesthetic machine 298 complications 371–3 baclofen 230 massive transfusion 372 trigeminal neuralgia 25 sepsis management 400 Baralyme (barium lime) 310 blood volume barbotage, subarachnoid (spinal) anaesthesia 83 children 167 bariatric surgery 170 neonates/infants 167 barium lime (Baralyme) 310 B lymphocytes 396 barotrauma, protection from 298 body fluid compartments 107 basal metabolic rate (BMR), neonates/infants body mass index (BMI), obesity 170 165 body temperature 327–9 basilic vein 77 cerebral blood flow 148, 149 basophils 396 changes, arterial tourniquet 402 Battle’s sign 29 children 166 behaviour 3 Bohr effect 131 benzodiazepines 241 boiling point 316 antidepressant overdose management 251 bone marrow toxicity, nitrous oxide 207 overdose 252 Boyle’s law 313 stress response to surgery 175 relevance 314 407 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-72644-3 - The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book, Second Edition Simon Bricker Index More information Index brachial plexus 67–71 capnography 291, 292 cross-section 98 capsaicin, complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) brachial plexus block 68–70 388 brain stem death 365–7 carbamazepine, trigeminal neuralgia 25 evoked potentials 367 carbohydrate metabolism exclusions 365 insulin 276 eye signs 367 liver 58 methods 365 carbonation, local anaesthesia alkalinization 224 see also specific methods carbon dioxide absorption 310 preconditions 365 carbon dioxide lasers 334 pupillary signs 367 carbon dioxide measurement 290–3 breathing 112–16 carbon monoxide heat loss mechanisms 329, 331 poisoning 132 Brewer–Luckhardt reflex 24 production 310 bronchi 38–42 carboxyhaemoglobin 131 bronchoconstriction, asthma 124 carboxyhaemoglobinaemia 290 bronchodilatation, adrenaline 178 carcinoid syndrome 181 bronchomotor tone 123–5 cardiac action potential 235, 236 bronchopulmonary segments 41 cardiac arrhythmias left lung 41 adrenaline 180 right lung 40 b-adrenoceptor blockers 239 bronchoscopy, awareness 284 halothane 202 buffering, plasma proteins 186 local anaesthesia 220 bupivacaine 220, 225–8 magnesium sulphate 265 chirality 193 venous cannulation 18 structure 219, 226 see also anti-arrhythmic drugs toxicity 227 cardiac disease ‘buzz words’ 10–12 adrenaline 180 heart rate reduction 243 C cardiac function Caesarean section 385 body temperature 327 calcium channel blockers 237, 241 hypothermia 330 tocolytic effects 268 ultrasound 338 calcium modifying drugs, complex regional pain cardiac function, preoperative assessment syndromes (CRPS) 388 125–7 calibration