<p>BARGE 2012 Edited by Chris Ray Packet by Editors 1</p><p>1. One fictional character receives a congratulatory sodomizing for organizing this event in Times Square, after an abortive sexual encounter with one of its central participants left that character with the phrase “I AM A SCAMP” written in lipsticks on his buttocks. The titular protagonist finds the senile Selig Mindish at Disneyland after his sister Susan's suicide in a fictionalization of the aftermath of this event, the subject of a Robert (*) Coover novel narrated by Richard Nixon, The Public Burning. One of this event's central figures appears as a ghost in Tony Kushner's Angels in America haunting the shit out of Roy Cohn, and it inspired the aforementioned novel about the fractured Isaacson family, E.L. Doctorow's The Book of Daniel. For 10 points, identify this event which took place in a “queer, sultry summer” according to the opening line of The Bell Jar, which saw a Communist couple executed for espionage in 1953. ANSWER: The Execution of the Rosenbergs [or the Trial; or any reasonable equivalents mentioning the Rosenbergs; prompt on partial answer; do NOT accept things like “McCarthy witch hunts” or anything general, as the clues are specific] </p><p>2. The GABAergic granule cells associated with this purpose notably lack axons. The infection PAM, which will kill you a horrifying 97% of the time, begins with Naegleria fowleri devouring cells devoted to this specific purpose, one form of which is accomplished by the flehmen response. Mitral and tufted cells facilitate this process through their connection to non-kidney glomeruli, which have a notable one-to-one correspondence with proteins whose receptors were shown to be G protein-coupled by (*) Buck and Axel, winning the 2004 Nobel. This role is also performed by the auxiliary Jacobson's organ, which is formed after nerve zero branches off during development from the first cranial nerve, which is chiefly devoted to this purpose. That nerve terminates in a “bulb” in the forebrain devoted to this function, which is impaired in parosmia or anosmia. Pheromones are detected by, for 10 points, what general process of sense perception associated with the nose? ANSWER: Olfaction or Smelling Stuff [accept equivalents; anti-prompt with “be less specific” on buzzes of “pheromone detection;”</p><p>3. One of his buildings features a coliseum-like main section surrounding an interior garden adjacent to two vast legislative halls, which are adjoined by a six-story glass walkway. This architect of the Haute-Garonne Capitol Building in Toulouse included a semicircle “sailboat” window on his Lieb House, which had to be floated up the East River to escape New Jersey. Pine planks comprise almost all of his Brant-Johnson Ski House in (*) Vail, while his addition to Cass Gilbert's Allen Art Museum at Oberlin illustrate his thoughts on “contradiction” and “complexity. A staircase surrounds the central chimney above a large facade created by a sloping roof in a home built for this man's mother, Vanna. Denise Scott Brown helped this man's 1972 survey of a Western city, published as Learning from Las Vegas. For 10 points, identify this American architect linked with postmodernism through his quip “less is a bore.” ANSWER: Robert Venturi</p><p>4. Cychreus was closely linked with one of these creatures, which plagued Salamis. The Egyptian figure Mehem may have inspired the association of this kind of creature with the husband of Eurynome who was overthrown by Cronus. The Minoan place setting at The Dinner Party is for one of these animals, which are dual-wielded by some busty statues discovered on Crete. Admetus and Alcestis had their bridal chamber (*) filled with these beings by Artemis. An encounter with these animals on Mount Cyllene allowed one figure to become the mother of Manto after Hera turned Tiresias into a woman for interrupting a sexual encounter between two of them. Kindness to these creatures allowed Melampus to speak to animals, one of several episodes in which they conferred powers to mortals via ear-licking. Baby Hercules strangled two examples of, for 10 points, what kind of legless reptile? ANSWER: Snakes [accept equivalents like serpents; accept dragons since the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in regards to various clues]</p><p>5. A notable event during this period was named after a re-purposed winter sports center. A local administrator active during this period set up shop at the Hotel Terminus, where he made ample use of the large bathtubs in his attempts to thwart the OSE. The subversive periodical Combat was published during this period, which saw the creation of a major facility at Drancy under Alois Brunner. The onset of this period may not have been constitutionally sanctioned given the objecting votes of (*) 80 parliamentarians, and its notorious administration include the Milice paramilitary forces and and Klaus Barbie, who earned the epithet “butcher.” This period saw a territorial division into northern and southern “zones,” the latter of which was overseen by the government of Pierre Laval. For 10 points, identify this period following the Third Republic in which a European country was led by the Vichy regime after being invaded by the Nazis. Answer: German Occupation of France [accept all reasonable equivalents; generously prompt on things like “World War II; accept Vichy France before mentioned]</p><p>6. The onset of this scene is marked by music of a “Mozartian strain” and is foreshadowed by a preface written to Arthur Bingham Walkley. It sees one figure despair that he lost Rembrandt before scolding a 77 year-old over woman's foolishness in creating men. Occurring just prior to an auto accident in the Sierra Nevada, this scene is centrally an excursus on the idea of (*) “Life Force,” and ends with a female participant triumphantly seeking insemination. A white marble version of Roebuck Ramsden complains of boredom and threatens a counterpart with fencing in this scene, which casts Ann Whitefield as Dona Ana, who finds John Tanner in the guise of the namesake literary figure. For 10 points, identify this oft-excerpted scene from Act III of Shaw's Man and Superman in which a famed Spanish lothario chats with Lucifer in the underworld. ANSWER: Don Juan in Hell [accept equivalents mentioning both Don Juan and the underworld; grudgingly prompt on answers of “Man and Superman”]</p><p>7. John Cassian's attempts to reconcile this man's thought with a heresy was disputed by a disciple, Prosper of Aquitaine. A treatise on this man was popularized by the tracts Frequent Communion and Moral Theology of the Jesuits, written by Antoine Arnauld. That work grouped him with St. Paul as a “chief of sinners” and called for church doctrine to reflect the teachings of this man, prompting Innocent X's Cum occasione and (*) Pascal's Provincial Letters. This subject of Cornelius Jansen's magnum opus authored a tract linking revelation to Platonic signs and classical rhetoric and feuded with a thinker condemned along with Nestorius at First Ephesus; that man, Pelagius, claimed that this author of On Christian Doctrine was so obsessed with original sin because he was still a secret Manichean. Ambrose baptized, for 10 points, what author of The City of God and Confessions, a famous bishop of Hippo? ANSWER: St. Augustine of Hippo [accept Augustinus]</p><p>8. This chemist's work was pilfered by a lab assistant who clandestinely carried out experiments that led to the creation of Mauveine – a coveted purple dye – and drew from this man's work describing the nature of aniline, which undergoes thermal rearrangement in a reaction he co-names with Martius. This man also names a reaction that classically uses bromine to remove a carbon from an amide and is closely related to the (*) Curtius Rearrangement. His best-known reaction usually results in the major product being the least stable per his eponymous rule contrasted with those named for Zaitsev and Markovnikov. That reaction uses aqueous silver oxide to yield an alkene from a primary amine in an “exhaustive methylation.” For 10 points, name this German chemist with a namesake “elimination” who mostly shares a surname with the a man who developed some rules governing pericyclic reactions with R.B. Woodward. ANSWER: August Wilhelm von Hofmann [that other dude is Roald Hoffmann]</p><p>9. In the wake of this event, Corky Gonzalez helped set up a system of shantytowns known as “Resurrection City” in a last-ditch effort to secure an “Economic Bill of Rights,” the culmination of the “Poor People's Campaign” effectively scuttled by this event. Walter Washington rose to prominence by tempering the aftermath of this event, which also prompted a speech quoting Aeschylus to be delivered in Indianapolis by a presidential candidate. This action led to the swift resolution of a sanitation workers' strike and prevented the delivery of the (*) speech “Why America May Go to Hell,” while prior to it, the central figure predicted “difficult days ahead” and noted “I may not get there with you.” This action was perpetrated by a man later arrested at Heathrow Airport a day after the delivery of the “I've Been to the Mountaintop” speech, and occurred on the balcony of the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis. For 10 points, identify this 1968 event in which James Earl Ray shot the foremost leader of the Civil Rights movement. ANSWER: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. [accept any reasonable equivalents] 10. One character in this work asks “did he say 'making fuck?'” after a Russian immigrant recites “Berserker.” Another character in this work has a cousin who died from overly-ambitious autofellatio and in a deleted scene is actually depicted absentmindedly knocking over a coffin, necessitating his flight from a wake with angry mourners in hot pursuit. In a subsequent appearance, that character would admit that his grandmother's love for phrases like “sheeny curse” may have been “kind of racist” before arranging a show with (*) Kinky Kelly & the Sexy Stud. This film ends shortly after the revelation that a soft-quilted toilet paper enthusiast had expired in an unlit bathroom, where his lifeless corpse participates in a sexual encounter with Caitlin Bree. This film sees the refrain “I'm not even supposed to be here today” delivered by one of the title figures, while the other memorably combines porn and children's film requests while staffing a video store. Randall Graves and Dante Hicks occupy the titular profession in, for 10 points, what black-and-white breakout film by Kevin Smith? ANSWER: Clerks </p><p>11. One of this author's novels ends with the protagonist bizarrely musing that his “happiest time” was a trip to a brothel run by a Turkish woman during which he froze up, was mocked by the prostitutes, and promptly fled in shame. Dussardier shouts “Vive la republique” as he is shot by Senecal in that novel by this author, which includes a masquerade ball at which a schoolmate of Deslauriers meets “La Marechale,” a character named (*) Rosanette with whom he begins an affair after being frustrated in his pursuit of the married older woman Madame Arnoux. A knight is cursed for his enthusiasm for deer murder in one of his Three Tales, a collection that also includes “A Simple Heart.” This creator of Frederic Moreau wrote of the pharmacist Homais, who supplies another protagonist with arsenic after her affairs with Leon and Rudolphe fail to make life in Yonville tolerable. For 10 points, name this author of A Sentimental Education who wrote of Charles's wife Emma in Madame Bovary. ANSWER: Gustave Flaubert</p><p>12. In the 1970s, analysis of unique SOFAR spikes suggested a large number of previously undetected instances of this kind of phenomenon. Products of these events can be analyzed by using TAS diagrams or examining hydration rinds, and marine instances are associated with hyaloclastite. Materials often become tuffaceous as a result of these phenomena, the subject of the Dense (*) Rock Equivalent metric. Mofettes result from periodic degassing following these phenomena, while maar formation characterizes phreatic ones that interact with the water table. Mass asphyxiation results from a distinct event known as their “limnic” type, and they can trigger destructive lahars as a result of tephra-rich pyroclastic flow. Pumice, basalt, and obsidian from from the major material associated with these events; that material is often in the form of 'A'a or Pahoehoe. For 10 points, identify these geological events in which bodies like Mount St. Helens eject molten rock through the Earth's surface. ANSWER: Volcanic Eruptions [accept reasonable equivalents including anything mentioning Volcanoes, etc.]</p><p>13. Claude Debussy recalled this work in the title of a triptych in his orchestral Images. This work's F minor Polo piece is to be played “in the spirit of a sob,” while the left hand must complete a challenging alternation between 3/4 and 6/8 time in the middle of its second section, which concludes with the F-sharp Triana. Many of the pieces in this work end with a counterpoint between the main rhythm and the copla refrain, while a fervent “arrow of song” punctuates the march-like conclusion to its first section, which depicts a parade through the streets on (*) Corpus Christi Day. The characteristic 3/4 time of the jota figures in its A-flat opening movement Evocation, which precedes a D-flat major piece inspired by a quiet port. Lavapies is one of several pieces in this work named after prominent city quarters, and it features zapateado and flamenco rhythms to represent locales like Andalusia. For 10 points, identify this four-book piano suite named by Isaac Albeniz after his native peninsula. ANSWER: Iberia</p><p>14. One of this figure's pivotal efforts was foiled by the steadfast resistance of the blind Jew Haim Farhi and Jezzer Pasha. A major primary source by Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti excoriates a proclamation issued by this figure in which he affirms his status as a devout Muslim; that account also relates that one of his subordinates became Abdallah Menou after this man left Kleber to face certain assassination. This man credited William Sidney Smith's artillery shipments with forcing him to abandon the aforementioned (*) siege of Acre, concluding a campaign in which this man captured Malta and defeated Murad Bey before his admiral Breuys went down with the Orient in Abukir Bay. This vanquisher of the Mamluks at the Battle of the Pyramids lost the Battle of the Nile, forcing him to evacuate his invasion of Egypt. For 10 points, identify this foe of Horatio Nelson who shortly thereafter proclaimed himself Emperor of France in 1804. ANSWER: Napoleon I Bonaparte [prompt on partial answer]</p><p>15. This city's botched effort to shut down notorious underage prostitution club The Monastery led to an ordinance that idiotically wound up requiring most citizens to attend certain events in adult/minor pairs. Kris Kime was beaten to death in view of idle police officers during a 2001 Mardi Gras riot in this city's Pioneer Square, which like the aforementioned ordinance against underage dances was defended by awful mayor Paul Schell. Frustration with this city's notoriously slow and deliberate political process drove the campaign of current mayor Michael McGinn, who has promised to resolve a decade-long dispute over replacing the (*) Alaskan Way Viaduct. A man whose sentence was commuted by Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee shot four police officers in 2009 in this city, where the Direct Action Network organized the “N-30” protests that exploded in violence during the 1999 WTO conference. For 10 points, identify this city on Puget Sound, the largest in Washington state. ANSWER: Seattle</p><p>16. This author praised the text's meandering spirit in a regarded introduction to Tristam Shandy, which was included in long essay collection that concludes with a speech reflecting on a suitcase full of his father's manuscripts. One of his characters fails to launch Lemon Pictures while collecting drawings of a canary, china dogs, and a Jenny Colon handbag as creepy relics of Fusun, a shopgirl he obsesses over. Everyone ends up mysteriously shot to death at Aladdin's in another work by this author of Other Colors, after a lawyer impersonates a (*) newspaper columnist when his wife Ruya disappears. This author of The Museum of Innocence and The Black Book wrote of a coup that breaks out when a poem is recited during a variety show in a novel that sees Blue, Ypek, and Ka embroiled in a contentious play about head scarves while secluded in the town of Kars by the titular phenomenon. For 10 points, identify this author of works like Snow and My Name is Red, who was prosecuted for discussing the Armenian genocide in his native Turkey. ANSWER: Orhan Pamuk</p><p>17. Koornwinder found that, under the Askey system, the SU(2) case of these can be expressed as hypergeometric Hahn functions, and they can be used to fully relate the matrix element as the second factor in the Wigner-Eckhart theorem. The painstaking process of completely calculating them for complex operations can be circumvented by instead using similar values named for Racah. These values are closely related to Wigner (*) 3j-symbols, as they yield the integrated product of up to three spherical harmonic functions. These factors are organized in an oft-consulted “table” and used to calculate summations when examining the “coupling” of a certain quantum mechanical quantity. For 10 points, identify these values useful in finding total angular momentum in quantum systems, a set of doubly-eponymous coefficients. ANSWER: Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients</p><p>18. This man's regime was the subject of the cognitively dissonant Krulak-Mendenhall Report, and much of his Independence Palace was destroyed when two pilots abandoned their mission and attacked him instead. On Double Seven Day, agents of this man attacked a group of reporters including Malcolm Browne, who had notably documented one of his opponents. A close relationship with this leader led Frederick Nolting to be replaced by (*) Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., who received Cable 243 in reference to him. This figure's sister-in-law pushed for puritanical “Morality Measures,” while a conflict over flag displays on Vesak and this man's fervent Catholicism led to the Xa Loi Pagoda raids conducted by his opium-addicted secret police chief brother, Nhu. Wresting power from Bao Dai and ruling until his CIA-backed ARVN assassination, for 10 points, identify this evil mofo who led South Vietnam from 1955-1963. ANSWER: Ngo Dinh Diem</p><p>19. Ian Watt focused on individual experience in a work on the “rise” of this entity, while Alaine Robbe- Grillet championed its “new” form. In a set of four essays on this entity, one thinker argued that its power derived from the interplay of speech forms, which can be analyzed through concepts like the chronotope; that treatise on this entity also coined the term “heteroglossia.” The decline of historicism in this entity is described in a work tracing the evolution of this entity by Gyorgy (*) Lukacs, who had earlier repudiated his “Theory” of it. Mikhail Bakhtin's aforementioned Dialogical Imagination is a treatise on this entity, while Wilhelm Dilthey popularized a term coined by Karl Morgenstern to describe a specific type. Examples of these aimed at a specific social agenda include William Godwin's Caleb Williams and The Sword and the Distaff by pro-slavery William Sims. The bildungsroman is a type of, for 10 points, what genre of prose literature whose examples include Things Fall Apart and Lolita? ANSWER: the Novel [all these clues are specific, but prompt on “books” or “literature;” don't accept other genres]</p><p>20. A baby head cannibalizes itself in this painter's uber-creepy Echo of a Scream. The titular building appears ready to devour a horde of faithful in this man's The Devil in the Church, while he depicted a line of doctors loading a nude woman into a claw in a work defending a “future victory” over cancer. A gallery named for “Dr. Atl” can be found at a museum designed by this man, where visitors sit on a large rotating stage surrounded by his largest work. In another of his paintings, a gigantic fascist (*) parrot bellows at left and gold coins spill from a jumble of machinery at center while soldiers wearing gas masks look on. This artist decorated his Polyforum Cultural Center with a work expanding on an earlier series tracing his country's history “from Porfiriata to the Revolution” that ends by depicting man's encounter with the cosmos. For 10 points, identify this artist of Portrait of the Bourgeoisie and The March of Humanity who, while not trying to kill Trotsky, was a leading Mexican muralist along with Rivera and Orozco. ANSWER: David Alvaro Siqueiros</p><p>Tiebreaker1. The author of this poem stated in its preface that “I have adopted the stanza of Spenser” instead of “the blank verse of Shakespeare and Milton... because in the latter there is no shelter for mediocrity; you must either succeed or fail.” The imprisonment of one character in this poem is ended thanks to an earthquake shifting a cavern. Preceded by a dedication by Chapman, it opens “So now my summer-task is ended, Mary, And I return to thee, mine own heart's home.” The eleventh of its twelve cantos contains the instruction (*) “fear not the future, weep not for the past.” This poem concerns a revolution in the Golden City, in which the ruler of Argolis, Othman, is deposed by Laon and Cythna. Inspired by the failure of the French Revolution, for 10 points, name this political poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley, which doesn’t really have anything to do with the title religion. ANSWER: The Revolt of Islam</p><p>Tiebreaker2. Although it may be best known for discovering the pulsar Geminga, SAS-2’s primary objective was to study these things between energies of 20 to 300 MeV. A 2010 discovery confirmed that the “something” at the heart of the Milky Way is actually two “bubbles” of these that appear as a mirror image of one another. Magnetar giant flares and neutron star/black hole mergers are candidates for progenitors of short duration (*) firing of these, whose long-duration variety is easily explained by collapsars or hypernovae. Cobalt-56 decay produced an “afterglow” of these from an emission by supernova SN 1987A. BeppoSax discovered the production of these events, which usually take 20 to 40 seconds and, at a range of three times the Milky Way’s width from Earth could cause a mass extinction event. For 10 points, name this high frequency radiation that occurs as bursts. ANSWER: gamma ray bursts</p><p>Tiebreaker3. This alliance lost a battle whose victorious general wanted to stop marching, but was led on by the advice that “free men were never too tired to fight the slaves of tyrants” -- that general was later executed for not pursuing this side as it attempted to lift the siege of Dunkirk. An unsuccessful attempt to gain support for this alliance was the circular of April 12. One immediate precursor to the formation of this alliance was the Declaration of (*) Pillnitz. The Duke of York presided over the English effort in this alliance, whose two later incarnations included the involvement of Pitt the Younger. Kellerman and Dumoriez were hailed as heroes for leading a “citizen army” against this group at the Battle of Valmy. For 10 points, name this group of European monarchies that from 1792 to 1797 sought to crush the French Revolution. ANSWER: War of the First Coalition [or the alliance against Revolutionary France before mention] 1. This daughter of Richard I of Normandy married her second husband in order to protect her sons, Alfred Aetheling and Edward the Confessor, after their half-brother Edmund Ironsides lost at Ashingdon. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this two-time Queen consort of England who went on to mother Harthacnut with Cnut the Great. ANSWER: Emma of Normandy [or Aelgifu, if you're just that Saxon] [10] Emma's first husband was this king, who took over from Edward the Martyr and had his ass handed to him by Sweyn Forkbeard in the wake of the St. Brice's Day Massacre. His famous epithet actually suggests that he was ill- advised rather than unprepared, though it's not like he was really Mr. Foresight either. ANSWER: Aethelred the Unready or Aethelred II or Aethelred Unraed [10] Most of that ill-counseling was the work of this giant asshat, a Mercian Earl who acted as a shill for the Danes during Aethelred's reign when not assassinating people for fun. After betraying Edmund at Ashingdown, he paraded around with some random lookalike's head for about an hour before realizing he'd fucked that up, too. ANSWER: Eadric Streona or Eadric the Grasper</p><p>2. In humans, it is located adjacent to the opsin gene duplication sequence responsible for the emergence of three- color vision. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this family of retrotransposons, a type of SINE particularly useful in charting the genetic evolution of primates. ANSWER: Alu element [10] The Alu element appears to come from the RNA in this protein-RNA complex, which plays a major role in protein synthesis by effecting elongation arrest on proteins that emerge from the ribosome and targeting them to the appropriate site in the ER. ANSWER: SRP or signal recognition protein [10] Your physiological preference for running a lot vs. lifting things may be determined by the Alu element's presence on the gene for ACE, an enzyme which converts between two forms of this hormone that release aldosterone and raises blood pressure. It functions in tandem with renin. ANSWER: angiotensin</p><p>3. Answer the following about some mythological good eatin', for 10 points each: [10] This son of Dione and father of Alcathous, Thyestes, and Atreus is best known for being served up in a tasty stew to the Olympians by his asshole father, Tantalus. ANSWER: Pelops [10] This undeniably Santa Claus-like figure from Chinese myth makes an annual trip just before each New Year to deliver your report card to Heaven. His particular domain was apparently chosen after an encounter with his ex-wife led him to dive headlong into an open flame. ANSWER: The Kitchen God or Zao Jun or Zao Shen [10] Since the Kitchen God was technically a suicide, he was damned lucky not to end up as one of these creatures, a reanimated corpse that stalks the countryside trying to eat your qi. Not even being undead can overcome rigor mortis, however, explaining these beings' unique motor habits. ANSWER: Jiang Shi or Jumping Vampires</p><p>4. The protagonist of this novel ends up marrying Jubban after earlier threatening to marry the shiftless Hopping Dick Delgado to spite the Craigs, who had sent her to be educated in England. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this work in which Bita Plant successfully avoids marrying the notorious goat-violating Herald Newton Day, a novel written by the author of Home to Harlem. ANSWER: Banana Bottom [10] Banana Bottom is set on this island homeland of its author, Claude McKay, who published his “Songs of” this island in its capital city of Kingston. ANSWER: Jamaica [10] The apex of McKay's poetic work is this 1922 collection, which includes an unintentionally hilarious poem about the waiter Alfonso, who flings “gay kisses” while “down in the glory-hole.” Its titular piece muses on the feet of young prostitutes who roam the darkness of the titular locale. ANSWER: Harlem Shadows</p><p>5. This bonus about artistic cryptids will unfortunately not concern Mokele-Mbemebe's groundbreaking color field work. For 10 points each: [10] This Florentine's Perseus Freeing Andromeda features an aquatic snake-lion with tusks and severe overbite, which looks suspiciously identical to the monster from the Tom Sizemore flick The Relic. This painter of The Death of Procris and The Immaculate Conception with Saints was famously nutty and enjoyed living in his own filth. ANSWER: Piero di Cosimo [accept either name] [10] A stick-wielding man-crow, a turtle-lizard-bird thing, and a winged version of one of those evolution-fish violently assault St. Anthony in one panel of this altarpiece, the masterwork of Matthias Grunewald. ANSWER: Isenheim Altarpiece [10] Among the most common sculptures of ancient Mesopotamian art are these looming Assyrian figures usually depicted as winged quadrapeds with the head of a human. True to their origins as guardian spirits, they were often posted in pairs outside entryways. ANSWER: Lamassu [or Shedu; or Sedu]</p><p>6. This man effectively ran the state as President of South Carolina for part of the Revolutionary War, and he chaired the pivotal committee of detail at the Constitutional Convention. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this early U.S. political figure who served only a few months in his most famous position as a recess appointment before the Senate refused to confirm him. ANSWER: John Rutledge [10] Rutledge's downfall was sparked by his vociferous criticism of this 1794 treaty, which extended the Treaty of Paris and was negotiated and named for Rutledge's aforementioned predecessor in his highest office. It resulted in British troops vacating the Northwest Territories. ANSWER: Jay's Treaty or the Treaty of London [prompt on “British Treaty”] [10] That high position in question was this one, which was kept warm by Jay, Rutledge, and Oliver Ellsworth before John Marshall took over and established Judicial Review. ANSWER: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court [prompt on partial answer]</p><p>7. These devices typically function by sending a focused laser beam through a microscope and relying on scattering and gradient forces to hold micrometer-sized particles. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these instruments first outlined by Arthur Ashkin and used in Steven Chu's Nobel-winning work cooling atoms, which use light to hold particles too small to be plucked by their mechanical counterparts. ANSWER: optical tweezers [prompt on partial answer; prompt on “optical trap” or equivalents] [10] If the victimized particle is much smaller than the wavelength of the focused light, the optical tweezer will essentially create this phenomenon named for a British physicist, which famously makes the sky appear blue. ANSWER: Rayleigh Scattering [10] Cutting-edge optical tweezers often use these non-refractive beams, which are so harsh that they can “heal” themselves even if occluded. Those waves are governed by a set of namesake solutions that can be calculated by Sommerfeld's Formula and which are expanded using trigonometric exponentials in the Jacobi-Anger identity. ANSWER: Bessel Functions</p><p>8. This work ends with the narrator evoking precious stones to describe the soul of her lover, who had earlier turned their ancestral home into a poor house that is promptly mistaken for a prison and burned down by a mob. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this work whose title figure finds literary motivation after caring for Marian and her son and wresting Romney away from Lady Waldemar. ANSWER: Aurora Leigh [10] Aurora Leigh is a verse novel by this English author, whose most famous collection includes works imploring the addressee to “call me by my pet-name” and one answering the central proposition by describing “the depth and breadth and height/My soul can reach.” ANSWER: Elizabeth Barrett Browning [prompt on partial answer] [10] The dognapping of the titular cocker spaniel interrupts the courtship of Robert and Elizabeth Browning in this author's novel Flush. She's better known for works like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. ANSWER: Virginia Woolf 9. One work by this man enumerates “Sacrifice,” “Truth,” “Memory,” and “Obedience” as among the central doctrines governing the titular practice. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this author of The Seven Lamps of Architecture and the landmark Modern Painters, considered the foremost art critic of the Victorian period. Whistler famously sued this man for libel over the caustic attacks found in his Fors Glavigera series. ANSWER: John Ruskin [10] The Seven Lamps of Architecture was expanded on in a tract titled for the “stones” of this Italian city. Ruskin was particularly impressed with the Doge's Palace and the Golden House, located on this city's Grand Canal. ANSWER: Venice [10] Ruskin's architectural opinions are pretty much derivative of this English architectural theorist, who was tasked by Charles Barry with designing the interior of Westminster Palace. He is often considered the leading figure of the Gothic Revival movement. ANSWER: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin</p><p>10. The special forces unit Search Bloc was established to target this man, who for a time led his organization from a private resort-prison called La Catedral. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this man who may have been behind M-19's 1985 siege of the Palace of Justice after working with the Ochoa Vasquez brothers to found the infamous Medellin drug cartel. ANSWER: Pablo Escobar [10] Escobar's Medellin cartel operated in this country, where he was opposed by the government of Luis Carlos Gaitan from Bogota. ANSWER: Colombia [10] INSCOM's Centra Spike helped train the anti-Escobar vigilante group Los Pepes, who went on to form a core element of this right-wing paramilitary organization. This group's wars with FARC seriously destabilized the country throughout most of the 2000s. ANSWER: Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia or the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia</p><p>11. Identify these objects of derision, amusement, or mockery within the field of psychology, for 10 points each: [10] Thousands of kids have gotten measles, mumps, or rubella thanks to discredited hack Andrew Wakefield's 1998 “study” claiming a link between the MMR vaccine and this spectrum of developmental disorders, which includes Asperger Syndrome. ANSWER: Autism [10] Arthur Janov developed this goofy therapeutic system popular with celebrities in the 1970s, which arose after he witnessed a patient react violently when channeling childhood trauma. You can actually still go to LA and pay Arthur Janov thousands of dollars to subject yourself to this. ANSWER: Primal Therapy [or Primal Scream Therapy; accept word forms] [10] This huge idiot is often considered the father of the anti-psychiatry movement for his The Myth of Mental Illness, which claims that mental disorders are contrived social constructs akin to demonic possession or liking basketball. Scientologists enjoy quoting him. ANSWER: Thomas Szasz</p><p>12. The protagonist of this novel murders the wife of Allende Hunter, whom he had begun an affair with after catching her observing a minor detail of his painting Maternity. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this novel narrated by the deranged, incarcerated painter Juan Pablo Castel, a 1948 work by Ernesto Sabato. ANSWER: El Tunel or The Tunnel or The Outsider [10] Art imitates life in this American author's 1995 novel, also entitled The Tunnel, which begins as an introduction to history professor William Frederick Kohler's tract Guilt and Innocence in Nazi Germany. ANSWER: William Gass [10] Besides tunnels, Gass and Sabado were also into this German poet, whose Duino Elegies inspired Gass's work Reading [this author]. ANSWER: Rainier Maria Rilke</p><p>13. Aryl versions of these compounds are synthesized from diazonium salts in the Sandmeyer reaction, and they can be detected by burning a copper wire in the no-longer-used Beilstein test. For 10 points each: [10] Name these organic compounds which contain a carbon chain attached to a halogen group. ANSWER: Alkyl halide [10] In this reaction, which is also known as halide exchange, a halide anion is reacted with an alkyl halide in an SN2-type reaction in order to change the identity of the halide. Transforming a chloride to an iodide is an example. ANSWER: Finkelstein reaction [10] Halides of this isomer of pentane are unable to undergo the Finkelstein reaction. This hydrocarbon contains a carbon atom attached to four methyl groups. ANSWER: neopentane or 2,2-dimethylpropane</p><p>14. Darius James is discovered masturbating on a toilet by his grandmother as a result of doing this at a party after a tenth-degree black belt greets his girlfriend. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this action which also led a Viacorp VP to yell “WU TANG” after being invited to “gimme some skin” by a white board member, as chronicled in a series of Chappelle's Show skits about when this action “Goes Wrong.” ANSWER: Keeping It Real [accept word forms] [10] This artist raps “Keepin it real's not an understood concept” while imagining a slavery-free timeline in “All Black Everything” off of his most recent album, Lasers, which also includes a track with Skylar Grey, “Words I Never Said.” ANSWER: Lupe Fiasco or Wasalu Muhammad Jaco [10] Lupe's “The Show Goes On” features a bassline consisting of this Baroque composer's most famous work, the Canon in D, transposed to the G key. ANSWER: Johann Pachelbel</p><p>15. Political squabbling between the victorious commanders at this battle gave an opening for the defeated pretender, Henry of Trastamara, to assassinate his brother at Montiel two years later. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this 1367 clash during the Castilian Civil War, won by Pedro the Cruel thanks to English support led by a pair of brothers including John of Gaunt. ANSWER: Battle of Najera [or Navarette] [10] This man was that brother of John, who in the wake of Najera led his troops on a disastrous, dysentery-plagued retreat through France. His prolific military career included winning the naval battle of Winchelsea, massacring the populace of Limoges, and capturing John the Good and Philip the Bold in 1356. ANSWER: Edward, the Black Prince [or Edward of Woodstock; prompt on partial answer] [10] Henry was able to foment unrest against Pedro by using the latter's support of this faith, which Henry began slaughtering wholesale during the war. Things again got dicey for this group in Spain after the Alhambra decree, which led many to become “Marranos,” practicing their faith in secret. ANSWER: Jews [accept equivalents]</p><p>16. This work's title, drawn from a text by Friedrich Waismann, reflects its central influence from the Vienna Circle, with whom the author had studied before returning to Oxford. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this 1936 text that advocates a “criterion of meaning” to establish the verification principle as the means through which the three titular concepts are connected. ANSWER: Language, Truth, and Logic [10] This former Wykeham Professor of Logic at Oxford examined the evolution of analytic thought in The Origins of Pragmatism and The Central Questions of Philosophy. He also wrote Language, Truth, and Logic. ANSWER: Alfred Jules “Freddie” Ayer [10] Ayer heavily influenced this American thinker, who articulated the concept of “persuasive definitions” and submitted that ethical statements imply an imperative in Ethics and Language. Along with R.M. Hare, he is considered one of the major advocates of emotivism. ANSWER: Charles Leslie Stevenson</p><p>17. Pencho and Javier vie for the title character's attentions in this man's opera Maria del Carmen, whose original score was lost after he drowned in a German U-boat attack in 1916. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this Spanish composer of pieces like The Straw Man and Love and Death, which appear in his challenging piano suite Goyescas, o Los Majos Enamorados ANSWER: Enrique Granados y Campina [10] Granados composed a 1908 symphonic poem on this figure, whose journey through Hell and Purgatory inspired a companion piece to Liszt's Faust Symphony. ANSWER: Dante Alighieri [10] Granados titled the best known movement from Goyescas after this figure “and the Nightingale.” This figure appears along with “Death” in the title of a Franz Schubert lied later expanded into a famous D minor string quartet. ANSWER: The “Maiden”</p><p>18. Performing this operation on a fixed point p gives you an asymptotic error constant. For 10 points each: [10] Name this concept, the value that functions or sequences approach as the input variable approaches some value. They can be used to formally define a derivative. ANSWER: limit [10] A precise definition for a limit can be given in terms of these two constants. If the absolute value of x minus the value x approaches is bounded between 0 and one of them, then the absolute value of f(x) minus the limit is less than the other. ANSWER: delta-epsilon proof [or a variety of answers containing both delta and epsilon] [10] This theorem lets you find limits of functions that don’t exist by finding a greater and a lower limit that work out to be the same, so that the desired limit is also that number. Wikipedia claims that it is known in Europe as the “two policemen and a drunk.” ANSWER: squeeze theorem or lemma [or pinching theorem; or sandwich theorem or rule; or two carabinieri theorem; or two militsioner theorem; or two gendarmes theorem] </p><p>19. August Drake is the recipient of the letters – based on the writings of Mary Hallock Foote – that form the base of this novel. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this work in which Lyman Ward chronicles his grandparents' frontier struggles including Susan's affair with Frank Sargent and the drowning of Oliver and Susan's daughter, Agnes. ANSWER: Angle of Repose [10] This author described the horrific lives of Bo, Elsa, Bruce, and Chester Mason in Big Rock Candy Mountain and won a Pulitzer for Angle of Repose. ANSWER: Wallace Stegner [10] A correspondence with Astrid frames Stegner's The Spectator Bird, which centers on a trip taken to this country by Ruth and Joe Allston, who is grieving for his son Curtis. Some earlier father-son literary catharsis took place on the battlements of this country's Elsinore Castle after a conversation with Horatio. ANSWER: Denmark</p><p>20. The winning general at this battle led his 150 best men against the center of the opposing army as their shields faced away from the gates during a retreat to the coast. For 10 points each: [10] Name this all-around disastrous battle that claimed the lives of both commanding generals, Cleon and Brasidas. ANSWER: Battle of Amphipolis [10] This historian chronicled the Battle of Amphipolis, the plague of Athens, and numerous other events in his major text on the Peloponnesian War. ANSWER: Thucydides [10] Thucydides’s account contains a noted dialogue in which the elders of this neutral island refuse to surrender to the Athenians. As a result, everyone on this island was brutally massacred. ANSWER: Melos [or Milos; or Melian Dialogue] </p><p>EXTRA: Its composer created a piano duet arrangement for it for Eduard Nápravník. For 10 points each: [10] Name this orchestral fantasy inspired by a trip to Rome to see the Carnival. It might also have been intended to one-up Glinka’s Spanish Pieces. ANSWER: Capriccio Italien [or Italian Capriccio] [10] Capriccio Italien was written by this composer, who enlisted Wilhelm Fitzenhagen’s help for the Variations on a Rococo Theme and first used “God Save the Tsar” in Marche Slave. ANSWER: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [10] “God Save the Tsar” and the “Marseillaise” are duelling anthems in this Tchaikovsky composition that uses cannon fire to depict a victory over Napoleon. ANSWER: 1812 Overture [or The Year 1812, Festival Overture in E flat major, Op. 49]</p>