<p>Chapter 26 – Democratic Reform and Activism</p><p>I. Britain Adopts Democratic Reforms a. Early 1800s – Britain not a true democracy i. House of Lords – appointed or inherited ii. House of Common – elected from people (only 6% could vote) – had to have a “substantial amount” of land b. Early Reforms i. “Reform Bill” of 1832 gave suffrage to more people (wealthy middle class could vote / no longer had “rotten boroughs” of no represent. ii. The “Chartist Movement” – arises from other workers that also want the right to vote (Wrote demands called the People’s Charter of 1838 1. Suffrage for all men 2. Annual Parliamentary elections 3. No more voice votes 4. No more rules that Parliament members had to own land/and didn’t get a salary 5. By 1900, slowly, all demands (except annual elec) are law c. The Victorian Age i. Queen Victoria presided over these changes ii. Ruled for 64 years – presided over wealth, power, had popularity iii. Started period of “Weak monarchs” – all power now in parliament with the prime minister and his cabinet: System we see today.</p><p>II. Women Demand the Right to Vote a. U.S. Movements: Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton organize in 1848 b. Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in Britain was militant i. Heckled speakers, cut telegraph wires, committed arson ii. Also did hunger strikes for attention; Emily Davison threw herself in front of King’s horse at the English Derby c. No national suffrage for US or Britain until after WWI</p><p>III. Democracy in France a. After years of instability – France starts a Republic: The Third Republic b. Threatened by monarchists, aristocrats, clergy, army leaders c. Dreyfus Affair i. 1894: Captain Alfred Dreyfus was accused of selling military secrets to the Germans; Court found him guilty – but probably wasn’t ii. Many wanted the case to never be reopened / many accused the army of a cover-up iii. Showed anti-Semitism in France and elsewhere (in Russia they had Pogroms – organized violent campaigns against Jews) iv. Many Jews flee to the United States d. Many Jews convinced they can never live totally in freedom in Europe i. Turn to Zionism ii. Believe that they need a separate homeland in Palestine</p>