<p>1. When a ligand binds to a receptor, this level of protein structure is changed in the structure of the receptor</p><p>Tertiary</p><p>2. binding of a signaling molecule ( a ligand) to two receptor tyrosine kinases causes them to dimerize (bine together). This causes a conformational change in the receptor proteins that activate the intracellular enzymatic domains whose function is to add phosphate groups to another molecule. These domains or specific enzymatic areas are called….</p><p>Kinases</p><p>3. type of receptor that a typical steroid binds</p><p> intracellular</p><p>4. After a first messenger binds to a G-protein receptor, this will lead to activation of this enzyme</p><p>Phospholipase C</p><p>5. Once activated, Phospholipase C cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3. IP3 will diffuse into the cytosol and bind to gated channels in the ER, causing channels to open and ______to diffuse into the cytosol</p><p>Ca++</p><p>6. Every virus has a nucleic acid genome (may be ss or ds RNA or DNA) and this</p><p>Capsid</p><p>7. Type of phage life cycle that results in death of the host cell</p><p>Lytic cycle</p><p>8. Type of phage life cycle that does not kill the host cell. The phage genome is integrated into the host genome to make a prophage, which is copied with the host cell genome during each cell division.</p><p>Lysogenic cycle 9. Sugar which are covalently bound to a polypeptide, are on the outer membrane (envelope) of most viruses that infect animal cells</p><p>Glycoprotein</p><p>10. process where 4 haploid cells are made from 1 diploid cell</p><p> meiosis</p><p>11. Process where 2 diploid cells are made from 1 diploid cell</p><p>Mitosis</p><p>12. Term for when multiple sperm enter an egg</p><p>Polyspermy</p><p>13. Term for when a diploid nucleus is injected into a enucleated (nucleus removed) oocyte (egg)</p><p>Somatic nuclear transfer</p><p>14. Influenza viruses have two types of glycoproteins, neuraminidase (NA), and ______</p><p>Hemagglutinin (HA)</p><p>15. This is an enzyme that transcribes dsDNA from ssRNA. HIV must have it in order to effectively invade a host cell and integrate into its’ genome</p><p>Reverse transcriptase</p><p>16. This is another enzyme that also uses RNA as a template to make DNA</p><p>Telomerase</p><p>17. This is a type of drug that targets bacteria</p><p>Antibiotic</p><p>18. a group of cells organized to carry out one or more specific function</p><p>Tissue 19. type of vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals upwards from roots to shoots</p><p> xylem</p><p>20. type of vascular tissue that transports sugars from photosynthetic tissues to where they are needed</p><p> phloem</p><p>21. pathway for water transport from a root hair to the xylem that goes from cytosol to cytosol connected by plasmodesmata</p><p> symplast</p><p>22. an organ that produces more sugar than it requires</p><p> source</p><p>23. an organ that consumes more carbohydrate/sugar than it can produce</p><p> sink</p><p>24. type of phloem cell that doesn’t have nuclei and organelles</p><p> sieve tube element</p><p>25. term for how growth and pattern formation continues throughout the life of the plant</p><p> indeterminate growth </p>