<p>Unit 3: Bonding and Nomenclature Content Outline: Naming Basic Organic Molecules (3.8)</p><p>I. Organic Chemistry A. This is a branch of chemistry that studies Carbon containing compounds. 1. Not all Carbon containing compounds are considered organic.</p><p>For example, CO, CO2, and Na2CO3 are not organic molecules. B. Carbon to Carbon bonds: 1. This type of bonding is referred to as Catenation. 2. Carbon molecules can form chains or rings. 3. Types of Carbon Bonds: a. Single bonds (-) i. These molecules with all single bonds are called Alkanes. (Name ends with “ane”.) ii. If circular, they are called cycloalkanes. b. Double bonds (=) i. These molecules are called Alkenes. (Name end with “ene”.) c. Triple bonds (Ξ) i. These molecules are called Alkynes. (Name end with “yne”.) 4. Carbon loves Hydrogen. The two together are referred to as Hydrocarbons. a. These are energy sources, such as oil and gasoline and also oils (plants) and fats (animals). b. Types of Hydrocarbons: i. Saturated Hydrocarbons α. These molecules have all single bonds in the hydrocarbon area. * These chains tend to be straight. b. These are solids at room temperature. For example, animal fat ii. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons α. These molecules can have a double or triple bond in the hydrocarbon area. * These cause the chains to “kink” or bend” at the double or triple bond. b. These are liquids at room temperature. For example, plant oils such as vegetable oil or corn oil. iii. Polyunsaturated Hydrocarbons α. These molecules can have multiple double or triple bonds in the hydrocarbon area. * These have many “kinks” or “bends”. b. These are also liquids at room temperature.</p><p>II. Naming Basic Hydrocarbons: A. Uses a Prefix naming system. 1 – Meth 4 – But 7 – Hept 10 - Dec 2 – Eth 5 – Pent 8 - Oct 3 –Prop 6 – Hex 9 – Non B. Step 1: Count the carbons present in the chain or circle. Step 2: Use the number of carbons to get the appropriate prefix. Step 3: Look at the number of Hydrogens in the compound.  “ane” – 2n + 2 (n = number of Carbons)  “ene” – 2n  “yne” – 2n-2 Step 4: Write the appropriate ending after the prefix. Step 5: If circular, add “cyclo” in front of the prefix.</p>