<p> Ecology and Biomes</p><p>What is known as the scientific study between organisms and their interactions with the environment around them? Ecology</p><p>Name the six levels of ecological research. Organismal Ecology, Population Ecology, Community Ecology, Ecosystem Ecology, Landscape Ecology, Global Ecology</p><p>Can ecological changes lead to evolutionary changes? Yes</p><p>The goal of ecology is to protect all aspects of nature. True/False</p><p>Give an example of a biotic factor and an abiotic facter. Biotic is living, Abiotic is nonliving</p><p>Movement away from high population centers is known as dispersal.</p><p>What is climate? What is the difference between a macroclimate and microclimate? Climate- the prevailing weather pattern in an area; Macroclimate are climate patterns of a large scale (Midwest, Ames, China, etc) Microclimate is the pattern in an organism’s community (Inside a tree, a pond, under a rock)</p><p>What causes the seasonal variations on Earth? The planet’s tilt</p><p>The tropics experience sunlight more directly than other areas of the planet, so they end up getting more heat and light. True/False</p><p>A equinox occurs when the sun is directly above the equator, while the solstices occur when the Earth’s tilt is the greatest.</p><p>Describe the rain shadow effect. Warm, moist air approaches a mountain and it rises. The air then cools and releases its moisture. As the air moves to the other side, it absorbs the surrounding moisture.</p><p>A major terrestrial or aquatic life zone is known as a biome.</p><p>Describe the levels of stratification in a lake. Littoral zone- close to shore, allows for rooted plants; Limnetic zone- open water that is too deep for rooted plants but supports phytoplankton; Photic zone- area with enough light for photosynthesis; Apotic zone- lacks enough light for photosynthesis; Benthic zone- bottom made of a mix of sand and sediment</p><p>What is the collective name of organisms that live in the benthic zone and eat detritus? benthos</p><p>Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient rich but oxygen poor. True/False A thermocline occurs when there is a dramatic temperature change in a narrow layer of a body of water.</p><p>Describe the levels of stratification in the ocean. Photic zone- enough light for photosynthesis; Aphotic- not enough light; Intertidal- land that is periodically submerged by tides, closest to or is shore; Neritic- farther from shore, continental shelf; Oceanic- “open” ocean, farthest from shore; Pelagic- open water; Benthic- bottom of the ocean above 2000m; Abyssal- bottom below 2000m</p><p>Name the aquatic and terrestrial biomes discussed in class. Aquatic- Lake, wetland, estuary, stream/river, coral reef, benthos, intertidal zone, pelagic zone Terrestrial- Tropical forest, desert, savanna, chaparral, temperate grassland, temperate broadleaf forest, tundra, taiga</p><p>Oxification is when nutrient rich bottom water is exchanged with the oxygen rich top water in a lake. True/False</p><p>What is the area of gradual change between biomes called? Ecotone</p><p>A plot of temperature and precipitation over a region is called a climograph.</p><p>Name the layer of permanently frozen soil in the tundra. Permafrost</p><p>The highest layer in a forest is called the top. True/False</p>