<p>Background on Name ______Chemical Parameters Date ______Per/Box#_____</p><p>Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 1. How is oxygen in water measured? 2. What happens when DO declines. 3. Name ten things that contribute to Oxygen content in water. 4. Explain when aquatic animals are most vulnerable to low DO.</p><p>Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 1. What does BOD measure? 2. Explain how BOD directly affects the amount of Dissolved Oxygen in streams. 3. Name five source of BOD for our stream.</p><p>Fecal Coliform 1. Where does Fecal Coliform come from? 2. What does pathogenic mean? Name two pathogens 3. What could happen if you swim in water with high fecal coliform? 4. What disease or illnesses could you contract? pH 1. What is pH? 2. What creates high pH and low pH? 3. What is acid rain and who causes it? 4. What pH is considered neutral? Acidic? Basic? 5. What is a good range for a creek?</p><p>Temperature 1. Name four things that temperature affects. 2. Name four things that cause temperature change in streams. 3. What is thermal pollution?</p><p>Nitrate/Nitite 1. Name five ways that nitrates get into water. 2. What is nitrate good for? 3. What other chemical parameters can an excess of nitrates negatively affect? 4. Name four sources of nitrates that could affect our stream.</p><p>Phosphorus 1. What can adding phosphates to a stream cause? 2. Name the different forms of phosphate and where they come from. 3. What human activities introduce phosphate into the environment?</p><p>Total Solids 1. What is total solids? 2. What can high concentrations of totals solids cause? 3. What is the optimal range for total solids? Turbidity 1. What is turbidity a measure of? 2. What kinds of suspended solids can be found in water? 3. What four problems result from high turbidity? 4. What can happen to fish from high turbidity?</p><p>Conductivity 1. What is conductivity? 2. What determines how conductive the water will be? 3. Name five inorganic dissolved solids that can affect conductivity? 4. Name five organic dissolved solids that can affect conductivity? 5. How does temperature affect conductivity? 6. What environmental conditions can change conductivity? 7. What conductivity supports a good population of fish and macroinvertebrates?</p><p>Why Study Macroinvertebrates?</p><p>Use the following websites to answer the following questions http://people.virginia.edu/~sos-iwla/Stream-Study/StreamStudyHomePage/WhyStudyMacro.HTML 1. List three reasons to study macroinvertebrates. 2. What do macroinvertebrates eat? 3. Why are macroinvertebrates important in aquatic food webs? 4. What is the difference between macroinvertebrate populations in healthy streams as opposed to unhealthy streams? 5. Why is macroinvertebrate sampling better that water quality tests?</p><p>Go to the following website. http://people.virginia.edu/~sos-iwla/Stream-Study/Methods/Materials.HTML 6. Describe a kick seine. 7. Name three other pieces of equipment that you will need to collect macroinvertebrates and what they are used for.</p><p>Go to the following website. http://people.virginia.edu/~sos-iwla/Stream- Study/Methods/Procedures.HTML 8. Describe a good spot to put a kick seine. 9. Describe how to position a kick seine. 10. Should you walk in the sampling area before the kick seine is in place? Why or Why not? 11. What three sampling techniques should be used to collect your macroinvertebrates with the kick seine? 12. Why do you lift the kick seine out of the water with a forward moving motion? 13. You will place the contents of your kick seine in a bucket or tub for identification. Why is it important to return the contents of your bucket to the creek where you got them?</p>