<p>O’Connor (SPRING 2014)</p><p>Biology Name: ______</p><p>EOC information and how best to prepare for it</p><p>EOC Schedule (Circle/ highlight your section so that you know where to go and when)</p><p>Hour 1 Biology Tuesday April 29th IMC-L & Thursday April 30th IMC-L (7:30-9:00)</p><p>Hour 2 Honors Biology Tues April 29th Room B120 & Thurs May 1st Room B120 (9:10-10:30)</p><p>Hour 3 Honors Biology Tuesday April 29th IMC-L & Thursday May 1st IMC-L(10:38-12:45)</p><p>Hour 5 Biology Mon April 28th Room B120 Wed April 30th Room B120 (7:30-9:00)</p><p>Hour 7 Biology Mon April 28th Room B120 Wed April 30th Room B120 (10:38-12:45)</p><p>Reminder: The Biology EOC will make up 15% of your semester grade! </p><p> Quarter 3 (makes up 42.5% of your semester grade)</p><p> Quarter 4 (makes up 42.5 % of your semester grade; note: The EOC does not change you quarter 4 grade in any way) </p><p> EOC (makes up the remaining 15% of your semester grade)</p><p>What to do to prepare for it</p><p>1. Visit the following website to review content, play review games and practice taking the EOC online. I will have one ‘assigned to you’ (click on your assignments tab), but you can take short, medium length and actual length EOC practice tests whenever you would like. You will be given a grade at the end, and you will be able to see what the correct answers are to the questions that you missed. www.usatestprep.com</p><p>Account ID: hazelwoodmo Login______Password ______</p><p>(You should have your login and password already. If you don’t, get it from me and write it on the lines above.) 2. Complete this EOC Review Booklet and ask questions if you need help. Use your textbook (page numbers are provided next to most questions), your previous study guides, and your class notes to help you find the answers to each question. </p><p>3. Read over the chapter study guides (textbook) at the end of each of the chapters in your text for chapters that were difficult for you. </p><p>4. Look over your assessed CLE handout (pink packet; should be in the front of your binder). The 36 items listed on document are the 36 things that you should have learned in biology this year, and represent the content that the EOC will cover. </p><p>5. Review ALL scientific method prompts that were done in class. The 2nd day of testing will look very similar to those prompts. They will be graded as the samples in class were graded. </p><p>6. Take your biology study cards with you everywhere and read, read, read them! </p><p>______</p><p>Unit 1 Biochemistry</p><p>1. Using the properties of water, give several examples as to why water is so important to cells? (Page 41-42)</p><p>2. Fill in the table for each of the 4 macromolecules. (Pages 46-49)</p><p>Macromolecule Monomer Function(s) Examples Unit 2 Cellular Structure and Function</p><p>3. What is the smallest unit of life? (Page 191)</p><p>4. Fill in the table for each Organelle. (Page 207) </p><p>Organelle Function Structure is found in……. (circle correct response) Nucleus Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Ribosome Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Endoplasmic Eukaryotic cells only Reticulum (ER) Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Golgi Apparatus Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Mitochondria Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Chloroplast Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Cell Membrane Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells Cell Wall Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Lysosome Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>Vacuole Eukaryotic cells only </p><p>Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells</p><p>** Photosynthesis & Respiration were also covered in Unit 8 Ecology</p><p>5. What is cell respiration used for? What is produced as a result of cell respiration? (pages 251)</p><p>6. Where does cell respiration occur in the cell? (page 207) ______</p><p>7. What is photosynthesis used for? What is produced as a result of photosynthesis? (page 228; 232)</p><p>8. Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell? (page 207) ______</p><p>9. Compare the processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration. How do their reactions compare? (page 253) 10. (Page 240; Factors that affect the rate of Photosynthesis.) What would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if……… </p><p> the amount of sunlight available to the plant DECREASED? Increase / Decrease (circle 1) </p><p> the amount of CO2 available to the plant INCREASED? Increase / Decrease (circle 1) </p><p> the temperature DECREASED dramatically? Increase / Decrease (circle 1)</p><p> the amount of water available to the plant DECREASED? Increase / Decrease (circle 1)</p><p>11. What is ATP and how is it used? (page 226) </p><p>Unit 3 Membrane Dynamics & Cellular Transport</p><p>12. Describe each type of Passive Transport. </p><p>(Page 208) Diffusion: (Page 210) Osmosis:</p><p>(Page 209) Facilitated Diffusion</p><p>13. What is Active Transport? (Page 212) Give 2 examples. </p><p>14. Why is it necessary for materials to move into and out of cells? (Hint: part of the answer has to do with a characteristic of life that starts with the letter ‘H’) (pg 19)</p><p>15. (Pages 209-211) In the diagram below explain how equilibrium will be reached. Fill in the missing values. The membrane will not allow salt to pass through it. Draw arrows to show how water will move. Label each one of the situations above as Hypotonic, Hypertonic or isotonic. </p><p>10% salt 30% salt 60% salt</p><p>___ % water ___ % water ___ % water</p><p>___% salt ___% salt ___% salt</p><p>70% water 70% water 60% water 16. The water on which side of the U-tube below will rise as a result of the concentration gradient shown below? How do you know? </p><p>17. What is the cell membrane made up of? Why is this structure important for the membrane?(page 204) 18. What is turgor pressure? If a plant cell loses water, what happens to turgor pressure? What would cause it to increase? </p><p>Unit 4 Cellular Reproduction</p><p>19. Complete the chart comparing Sexual and Asexual Reproduction. (pages 277-278)</p><p>Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction</p><p>Advantages</p><p>Disadvantages</p><p>20. Which of the strategies above (sexual or asexual reproduction) may cause a population to be more susceptible to extinction? Explain. </p><p>21. Complete the table comparing Mitosis and Meiosis.</p><p>Mitosis Meiosis</p><p>Starting Cell type (Haploid or diploid) (pages 282-283; 326-327)</p><p>End Cell type (haploid or diploid)(pages 324-325; 326-327)</p><p>Type of Cell created (somatic/body or sex cell/gamete) (pages 326- 327)</p><p>22. Sperm and egg are haploid cells. When sperm and egg unite, the diploid number is restored. What is the name of that process? (page 995)</p><p>23. If an organism has 12 chromosomes in a gamete how many chromosomes will be found in a body cell of the zygote after fertilization has occurred? (pages 326-327)</p><p>24. Humans have 46 chromosomes in their body cells. How many chromosomes are found a sperm cell? (pages 326-327)</p><p>Unit 5 Molecular Genetics</p><p>25. What is DNA, what does DNA do? (page 342) 26. What is DNA made out of? How many types of nucleotides are there, list them? (page 344) </p><p>27. If two species share few differences in their genetic information, what does that tell you about their degree of relatedness? (This was covered in Unit 7 Evolution as well) </p><p>28. Using the chart below, which species is most closely related to humans? ______</p><p>How do you know? </p><p>29. What is produced as a result of DNA replication? (page 350)</p><p>30. (pages 364-365; 368-370) In the nucleus genetic information begins in the form of ______it is then changed to ______in the process called ______. It is then able to leave the nucleus and moves to a ______which is where ______takes place. Involving ______anticodons pairing with ______codons and creating a chain of ______resulting in a ______.</p><p>(Scrambled words to use in the question above: amino acids, mRNA, DNA,</p><p>Translation, Transcription, tRNA, RNA, Protein)</p><p>31. How does variation within a population for a particular trait arise? (page 372)</p><p>32. What is mutation? (page 372)</p><p>33. What may cause a mutation to occur? (pages 374-375)</p><p>34. What effects can a mutation have? (pages 372-376) </p><p>Unit 6 Mendelian Genetics</p><p>35. Define each term below:</p><p>(page 315) Genotype: (page 315) Phenotype:</p><p>(page 310) Dominant:</p><p>(page 310) Recessive:</p><p>(page 314) Homozygous:</p><p>(page 314) Heterozygous:</p><p>36. Given the following traits determine the phenotype for each genotype: (pages 314- 315)</p><p>R = round seed</p><p> r = flat seed</p><p>RR = ______</p><p>Rr = ______</p><p> rr = ______</p><p>37. Create a Punnett Square to answer the following questions. (pages 315-316)</p><p> a. Two heterozygous black dogs are crossed. What is the probability of producing a white puppy? </p><p>P: _____ x ______</p><p>Answer: ______</p><p> b. A homozygous tall plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant (short is the recessive size). What is the probability that short plants will result? </p><p>P: _____ x ______</p><p>Answer: ______</p><p> c. A heterozygous white rabbit is crossed with a homozygous black rabbit. What is the genotypic and phenotypic ration of the offspring that could result from this cross? </p><p>P: _____ x ______</p><p>Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio: </p><p>38. Define each term below and create a Punnett Square for the specific type of cross.</p><p>Incomplete Dominance: (page 319) - Flower color is an incomplete dominance trait in snapdragons. When a white flower (WW) and a red flower (RR) are crossed, all offspring are pink in appearance (RW). What phenotypes would be possible if two pink flowers were crossed? </p><p>P: _____ x ______</p><p>Answer: ______</p><p>Codominance: (page 319; 394)-</p><p>ABO Blood type in humans is an example of both codominance (IA & IB) and multiple alleles (IA, IB, i). If an individual is heterozygous for Type A blood marries an individual that is homozygous for Type B blood, what blood type(s) could their children have?</p><p>P: _____ x ______</p><p>Answer: ______</p><p>Sex-linked trait- Colorblindness is a sex linked trait found on the X chromosome. If a father who is colorblind marries a woman with normal vision, but whose father was colorblind, what is the probability that they have a colorblind son?</p><p>P: _____ x ______</p><p>Answer: ______</p><p>Unit 7 Evolution</p><p>39. What is evolution? (page 450)</p><p>40. What is meant by survival of the fittest? (pages 461)</p><p>41. Give TWO examples of adaptations and explain why they help the organism in its environment. ( page 461) 42. What may cause an adaptation to no longer be helpful to a species? What would likely happen to the species if that were to occur? (page 461, 463)</p><p>43. Why is genetic variation (diversity) an important trait for a population? (pages 278)</p><p>44. What happens to a species that is unable to reproduce? (page 538)</p><p>Unit 8 Ecology</p><p>45. Label the parts of the food chain below. Below the organism’s name, label each as either the producer or level of consumer that they represent. (pages 73-77)</p><p>Grass  aphid  spider  blue jay  Hawk</p><p>46. The arrows in a food chain or food web represent the flow of ______through a community. (page 73)</p><p>47. Define the following terms:</p><p>(pages 71) Herbivore:</p><p>(pages 71) Omnivore: (pages 71) Carnivore:</p><p>(Page 68; 228) Autotroph:</p><p>(Page 71; 228) Heterotroph:</p><p>48. Which does there tend to be more of in an ecosystem/ Energy Pyramid? (producers or consumers) Explain WHY that is the case. (page 69; 77)</p><p>49. What happens if an organism is removed from a food web? How will that impact the organisms that it feeds on? How will it impact the organisms that fed on it? </p><p>(Page 76) </p><p>50. Use the food web below for the following questions (Page 76)</p><p>Name the producer ______</p><p>Name two primary consumers ______Name a tertiary consumer ______</p><p>Describe TWO effects that may result if the elephant seal were to be hunted to the point of near extinction. </p><p>Effect #1 ______</p><p>Effect #2 ______</p><p>Without the Leopard Seal, this ecosystem could collapse. Explain why this is so. 51. Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.</p><p>1. What happens to the amount of energy that is available at each tropic level as you move from the base (Level A) toward the top (Level D)? </p><p>2. How much is lost in each energy transformation? </p><p>3. What happens to the relative population size of the members of each tropic level as you go from Level A towards Level D? </p><p>52. Give examples of biotic and abiotic limiting factors. (pages 141)</p><p>Biotic factors Abiotic factors</p><p>53. If a fire spreads through the forest how will it impact the ecosystem? What will happen to the organisms living there? Who will survive? Who will be the first back? (pages 106-109) 54. Why is the recycling of nitrogen within an ecosystem important? (page 84)</p><p>55. List some ways that carbon is returned to the atmosphere. </p><p>56. Why is the cycling of carbon dioxide within an ecosystem important? (page 82)</p><p>57. Global warming is closely associated with which of the biogeochemical cycles? </p><p>58. Define the following and give an example of each of the organism relationship below. </p><p>(page 102) Predator-Prey relationship:</p><p>(page 103) Mutualism:</p><p>(page 104) Commensalism: (page 104) Parasitism:</p><p>(page 100) Intraspecific Competition:</p><p>(page 100) Interspecific Competition:</p><p>59. Define carrying capacity. (page 135) Give an example of a scenario in which the carrying capacity of a population may increase or decrease. </p><p>60. What is an invasive species? What impact to they tend to have on ecosystems? Explain. </p>