<p> Chapter 4 Study Guide: Egypt Answer the following questions in a complete sentence: 1. What were the farming conditions like along the Nile River Valley? Rich, dark soil, Water for crops, Transportation 2. What was the start of the Egyptian New Year called? Inundation 3. What is a cataract? A waterfall 4. What did the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt create? the world’s first nation-state 5. True or False: The Nile River provided hot, dry weather. FALSE 6. True or False: The Egyptians invented the wheel. FALSE 7. What helped make united governments possible during the early period of ancient Egypt? invention of papyrus 8. Who was ruler when Egypt began to expand its territory beyond the Nile Valley? King Menhuhotep II 9. How did the people of Egypt and the people of Nubia first come in close contact with each other? Through trade 10. Who were the Kandakes? queens who ruled Kush Know the following vocabulary terms: afterlife dynasty nation-state vizier obelisk trade route trading network Study the map of the Nile River in your textbook on p. 117 Essay Questions: Why do you think the crook and flail were buried with King Tutankhamen?  Symbol of authority  Symbol of royalty  Represented the afterlife How old was King Tutankhamen when he died? What was determined to be the probable cause of his death?  18-19  malaria Discuss how the Nile River was important to the ancient Egyptians.  provides rich soil  water for crops  transportation/trade  helped unite Egyptians  annual flooding, led to development of 3 seasons and a 365 day calendar Nubia was located along the upper Nile River valley. The Nubians were among the first people to make ceramic pottery and offer it for trade. They also traded goods such as hardwoods and animal products that came from places in central and southern Africa. Why do you think Egyptians wanted to control Nubia’s trade routes?  Nubia’s location was ideal for trading  Nubia merchants had items Egyptians wanted  Could gain greater wealth Egypt became the world’s strongest power during the period known as the New Kingdom. It was a time when Egyptian kings were called pharaohs and were thought of as gods in human form. How do you think the pharaohs maintained their power?  They thought they had special powers  People will be unlikely to question Pharaoh’s authority</p>