<p>Reproduction and Cell Division - Section 5.8 Directions: Read pages 159-161 and answer the following questions.</p><p>1) What are the three key points in the cell theory? A) All living things are made up of one or more cells. B) The cell is the functional unit of life. C) All cells come from preexisting cells. 2) What is cell division? The process by which cells come from preexisting cells that perpetuates life and allows species to continue. 3) What are the two main functions of cell division? They are to build and repair cells. 4) What are the two methods of reproduction? Asexual and sexual reproduction 5) Describe asexual reproduction. A single organism gives rise to offspring with identical genetic information. 6) Do all human cells reproduce in this manner? Explain. The cells of the human body, other than those found in female ovaries and male testes, reproduce asexually by mitosis. 7) Which organisms do use asexual reproduction? Most single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and some multi-cellular organisms use asexual reproduction to produce offspring. 8) Describe sexual reproduction. Genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new organism. 9) When does sexual reproduction usually occur? It occurs when two specialized sex cells unite to form a fertilized egg called a zygote. 10) Sketch and label Figure 1 on page 159.</p><p> http://earthops.org/cloning_report.html http://en.angel yeast.com/about/Yeast.html 11) How is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction? The daughter cell of asexual reproduction is an exact replication of the mother cell. 12) Why must the genetic material of the cell be duplicated before cell division begins? It must be duplicated first so that genetic information and nucleus is ready to give the new cell directions. 13) How is the zygote, produced by sexual reproduction, different from daughter cells, produced by asexual reproduction? It is a genetic combination of both parents; not an exact replica. 14) Identify the type of asexual reproduction in each of the following situations: a. A multicellular algae is struck by a wave. The algae breaks up and each new piece grows into a new organism. fragmentation b. A new tree begins to grow from the root of a nearby tree. Vegetative reproduction c. A small cell begins to grow on the outside of another cell. Eventually it breaks away from the larger cell and begins to grow. budding 15) What advantages might an organism have that can reproduce asexually? Make a list of the advantages. They can reproduce faster and more efficiently. 16) Complete the following table:</p><p>Method of Asexual Example of Organisms Description (point form) Reproduction Binary Fission Bacteria, amoeba, The organism splits directly paramecium into two equal-sized offspring</p><p>Budding Yeast, hydra The offspring begins as a small outgrowth from the parent and breaks off from the parent Fragmentation Seastars, algae, and some A new organism is formed plants from a part that breaks off from the parent Spore Formation Ferns, mushrooms The organism undergoes frequent cell division to produce many smaller, identical cells called spores. Each spore can develop into a mature organism. Vegetative Reproduction Spider plants and strawberry Many plants produce runners plants that can develop into another plant.</p>