<p>1 Appendix. Small and large sapling species list. Number of quadrats/subplots in which 2 each species occurred. Species are arranged alphabetically by their family name in the 3 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III classification system. BL, broadleaf forests; FP, first- 4 rotation plantation; SP, second-rotation plantation; GF, growth form (tree or shrub); DT, 5 dispersal type (bird, gravity, or wind). Small Large GF DT saplings saplings S S Family (LAPG) Species BL FP P BL FP P Viburnum furcatum Adoxaceae 0 2 0 1 6 0 S B Blume ex Maxim. Viburnum phlebotrichum Adoxaceae 5 2 1 1 4 0 S B Siebold et Zucc. Viburnum dilatatum Adoxaceae 42 12 3 22 12 1 S B Thunb. Sambucus racemosa L. subsp. Adoxaceae 5 8 6 2 11 1 S B sieboldiana (Miq.) H.Hara Viburnum wrightii Adoxaceae 9 8 3 7 24 2 S B Miq. Viburnum plicatum Thunb. var. Adoxaceae 0 1 2 10 6 1 S B tomentosum Miq. Toxicodendron trichocarpum Anacardiaceae 4 2 1 1 24 29 T B (Miq.) Kuntze Ilex macropoda Aquifoliaceae 8 6 4 20 32 27 T B Miq. Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. et Sav.) Araliaceae 16 5 3 3 13 6 T B C.B.Shang et J.Y.Huang</p><p>1 Gamblea innovans (Siebold et Zucc.) Araliaceae 0 0 0 0 1 0 S B C.B.Shang, Lowry et Frodin Aralia elata (Miq.) Araliaceae 0 1 0 0 6 0 S B Seem. Kalopanax septemlobus Araliaceae 0 1 1 0 3 2 T B (Thunb.) Koidz. Eleutherococcus spinosus (L.f.) Araliaceae 1 2 3 2 0 0 S B S.Y.Hu Berberis thunbergii Berberidaceae 0 1 1 0 0 0 S B DC. Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold et Zucc.) Betulaceae 5 0 0 6 6 1 T W Blume Ostrya japonica Betulaceae 0 0 0 1 1 0 T W Sarg. Carpinus Betulaceae 5 1 0 0 2 1 T W tschonoskii Maxim. Carpinus japonica Betulaceae 3 0 0 3 2 2 T W Blume Carpinus cordata Betulaceae 5 0 1 39 11 17 T W Blume Corylus sieboldiana Blume Betulaceae 0 3 1 0 5 8 S G var. sieboldiana Betula grossa Betulaceae 0 0 0 3 0 0 T W Siebold et Zucc. Lonicera gracilipes Caprifoliaceae 7 10 2 7 1 1 S B Miq. var. gracilipes Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold f. Celastraceae 0 2 0 0 0 1 S B striatus (Thunb.) Makino</p><p>2 Euonymus Celastraceae 6 4 3 16 9 6 T B oxyphyllus Miq. Euonymus Celastraceae 10 6 1 14 5 0 T B sieboldianus Blume Clethra barbinervis Clethraceae 15 15 0 13 57 7 T G Siebold et Zucc. Alangium platanifolium (Siebold et Zucc.) Cornaceae 1 0 3 0 2 0 S B Harms var. trilobatum (Miq.) Ohwi Cornus controversa Cornaceae 10 2 1 2 15 23 T B Hemsl. ex Prain Cornus kousa Buerger ex Hance Cornaceae 1 0 0 2 3 1 T B subsp. kousa Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) Cupressaceae 0 4 2 0 6 0 T G D.Don Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D.Don ex Ericaceae 4 13 0 6 12 4 S G G.Don subsp. japonica Enkianthus subsessilis (Miq.) Ericaceae 5 0 0 3 0 0 S G Makino Vaccinium hirtum Thunb. var. Ericaceae 1 0 0 0 0 0 S B pubescens (Koidz.) T.Yamaz. Rhododendron Ericaceae 13 0 0 1 3 0 S G wadanum Makino Lyonia ovalifolia Ericaceae 0 0 0 1 1 0 T G (Wall.) Drude var.</p><p>3 elliptica (Siebold et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. Rhododendron semibarbatum Ericaceae 9 1 0 0 2 0 S G Maxim. Rhododendron dilatatum Miq. var. Ericaceae 0 0 0 0 0 1 S G dilatatum Rhododendron kaempferi Planch. Ericaceae 7 7 0 9 10 0 S G var. kaempferi Rhododendron molle (Blume) G.Don subsp. Ericaceae 0 2 0 0 0 0 S G japonicum (A.Gray) K.Kron Fagus japonica Fagaceae 6 0 0 19 1 0 T G Maxim. Castanea crenata Fagaceae 1 1 3 0 5 5 T G Siebold et Zucc. Quercus serrata Fagaceae 16 4 0 0 1 0 T G Murray Fagus crenata Fagaceae 8 0 0 13 4 1 T G Blume Quercus crispula Fagaceae 2 0 1 0 3 0 T G Blume Hamamelis japonica Siebold et Hamamelidaceae 0 0 0 4 15 0 T G Zucc. Helwingia japonica Helwingiaceae 1 9 9 0 1 1 S B (Thunb.) F.Dietr. Deutzia crenata Hydrangeaceae 1 3 1 9 4 0 S G Siebold et Zucc. Hydrangea hirta (Thunb.) Siebold et Hydrangeaceae 13 1 5 0 0 0 S G Zucc.</p><p>4 Hydrangea Hydrangeaceae 1 11 13 0 0 0 S G involucrata Siebold Hydrangea Hydrangeaceae 0 2 0 2 22 4 S G paniculata Siebold Philadelphus satsumi Siebold ex Hydrangeaceae 1 0 0 0 1 0 S G Lindl. et Paxton Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. var. Hydrangeaceae 0 5 1 0 0 0 S G serrata Juglans mandshurica Maxim. var. Juglandaceae 0 0 1 0 0 0 T G sachalinensis (Komatsu) Kitam. Clerodendrum trichotomum Lamiaceae 1 12 9 0 20 10 T B Thunb. Callicarpa Lamiaceae 4 12 6 14 60 69 S B japonica Thunb. Lindera praecox (Siebold et Zucc.) Lauraceae 0 0 4 0 0 94 S B Blume Lindera obtusiloba Lauraceae 0 0 0 0 0 1 S B Blume Abelia spathulata Siebold et Zucc. Linnaeaceae 6 5 1 0 0 1 S W var. spathulata Magnolia kobus Magnoliaceae 0 0 1 0 0 0 T G DC. Magnolia obovata Magnoliaceae 1 1 1 0 5 3 T G Thunb. Morus australis Moraceae 0 8 4 7 47 52 T B Poir. Fraxinus Oleaceae 15 0 1 3 18 7 T W lanuginosa Koidz.</p><p>5 f. serrata (Nakai) Murata Fraxinus Oleaceae 0 1 0 0 3 0 T W sieboldiana Blume Ligustrum Oleaceae 3 0 5 4 1 0 S B tschonoskii Decne. Aria alnifolia (Siebold et Zucc.) Rosaceae 1 1 0 6 9 0 T B Decne. Padus buergeriana (Miq.) T.T.Yü et Rosaceae 0 0 0 1 0 0 T B T.C.Ku Aria japonica Rosaceae 0 0 0 7 0 1 T B Decne. Padus grayana (Maxim.) Rosaceae 8 12 1 9 63 24 T B C.K.Schneid. Malus tschonoskii (Maxim.) Rosaceae 0 0 0 3 4 0 T B C.K.Schneid. Cerasus leveilleana Rosaceae 4 2 1 2 8 7 T B (Koehne) H.Ohba Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne. Rosaceae 0 1 0 4 7 6 T B var. villosa Rubus crataegifolius Rosaceae 0 2 0 0 0 0 S B Bunge Neillia incisa Rosaceae 11 1 3 0 2 5 S G (Thunb.) S.H.Oh Rubus microphyllus Rosaceae 0 3 0 0 0 0 S B L.f. Rosa multiflora Rosaceae 1 0 0 0 0 0 S B Thunb. Rubus palmatus Rosaceae 13 78 34 0 4 0 S B Thunb. var.</p><p>6 coptophyllus (A.Gray) Kuntze ex Koidz. Cerasus jamasakura Rosaceae 0 0 2 0 1 0 T B (Siebold ex Koidz.) H.Ohba Kerria japonica Rosaceae 3 5 0 0 0 0 S G (L.) DC. Phellodendron Rutaceae 0 1 1 0 0 0 T B amurense Rupr. Orixa japonica Rutaceae 4 0 0 5 0 0 S G Thunb. Zanthoxylum Rutaceae 0 0 0 0 2 30 S B piperitum (L.) DC. Meliosma myriantha Siebold Sabiaceae 1 2 0 8 29 9 T B et Zucc. Acer pictum Thunb. Sapindaceae 14 1 0 6 20 19 T W Acer crataegifolium Sapindaceae 2 2 0 0 4 0 T W Siebold et Zucc. Acer rufinerve Sapindaceae 12 3 1 2 2 1 T W Siebold et Zucc. Acer amoenum Sapindaceae 24 2 0 31 11 2 T W Carri_re Acer diabolicum Sapindaceae 0 0 0 2 0 0 T W Blume ex K.Koch Acer sieboldianum Sapindaceae 14 0 0 4 8 0 T W Miq. Acer micranthum Sapindaceae 9 0 0 5 0 0 T W Siebold et Zucc. Aesculus turbinata Sapindaceae 0 0 0 1 0 0 T G Blume Acer japonicum Sapindaceae 0 0 0 0 0 1 T W Thunb. Acer distylum Sapindaceae 6 0 0 3 1 0 T W</p><p>7 Siebold et Zucc. Acer tenuifolium Sapindaceae 5 0 0 10 3 1 T W (Koidz.) Koidz. Acer cissifolium (Siebold et Zucc.) Sapindaceae 3 0 0 0 3 1 T W K.Koch Acer maximowiczianum Sapindaceae 0 1 0 5 5 0 T W Miq. Styrax japonica Styracaceae 4 2 2 9 28 7 T B Siebold et Zucc. Pterostyrax hispida Styracaceae 0 0 0 0 0 2 T G Siebold et Zucc. Styrax obassia Styracaceae 4 1 0 6 18 7 T B Siebold et Zucc. Symplocos Symplocaceae 0 5 1 4 9 1 S B sawafutagi Nagam. Zelkova serrata Ulmaceae 0 0 1 0 8 13 T W (Thunb.) Makino Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. Ulmaceae 0 0 0 1 1 0 T W japonica (Rehder) Nakai 6 7</p><p>8</p>