<p> Evolution and Classification Test B Multiple Choice- Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.</p><p>1. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands? a. Their feathers were adapted to match their environment. b. Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate. c. They had identical phenotypes in all locations. d. They had identical genotypes in all locations.</p><p>2. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n) a. mutation b. selection c. adaptation d. variation</p><p>3. The gradual change in a species over time is called a. mutation b. evolution c. migration d. variation</p><p>4. The marbled murrelet, an endangered seabird in California, is dependent upon sequoia forests and trees for survival. What might happen to the marbled murrelet population over time if the sequoia population went extinct? a. The population of marbled murrelet would remain the same. b. The population of marbled murrelet would increase. c.The marbled murrelet would go extinct. d.marbled murrelet would be placed on the threatened species list.</p><p>5. How does natural selection lead to evolution? a. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species. b. Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species. c. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species. d. Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species.</p><p>6. Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor? a. DNA sequences b. developmental organisms c. homologous structures d. punctuated equilibria</p><p>7. If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms a. are not related. b. evolved from different ancestors. c. have exactly the same DNA. d. evolved from a common ancestor.</p><p>8. How do most fossils form? a. An insect becomes trapped in amber. b. An entire organism becomes frozen in ice. c. A dead organism becomes buried in sediment. d. A dead organism becomes buried in tar.</p><p>9. Which of the following is most likely to become preserved as a fossil? a. a leaf b. a worm c. a jellyfish d. a clam shell</p><p>10. A branching tree (cladogram) is a. a diagram showing how scientists think different groups of organisms are related. b. a species of tree that is not closely related to other tree species. c. a drawing that shows where different animals live in a tree. d. a homologous structure that many plants have. 11. Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to a. determine what bones an animal has in its forelimbs. b. determine the evolutionary relationships among species. c. decide which fossils are older than others. d. determine whether an organism will have gills during its early development.</p><p>12. What are fossils? a. molds and casts of organisms that live today b. drawings of ancient animals and other organisms c. footprints or burrows of small animals that live today d. the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past</p><p>13. The relative age of a rock is a. its age compared to the ages of other rocks. b. less than the age of the fossils the rock contains. c. the number of years since the rock formed. d. its age based on how much carbon-14 the rock contains.</p><p>14. The law of superposition states that, in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is a. younger than the layer above it and older than the layer below it. b. neither older nor younger than the other layers. c. older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it. d. always older than any vertical layers.</p><p>15. Why are index fossils useful to geologists? a. They tell the absolute age of the rock in which they occur. b. They tell the ages of many different rock layers. c. They tell the age of the rock at one location only. d. They tell the relative age of the rock in which they occur. 16. Radioactive decay occurs when atoms of an unstable element a. become part of a fossil. b. join with atoms of another element. c. break down to form atoms of another element. d. are exposed to chemical weathering.</p><p>17. The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample of a radioactive element to decay is the element’s a. relative age. b. potassium-argon date. c. absolute age. d. half-life.</p><p>18. Radioactive dating enables geologists to determine a. the age of the atoms in a rock. b. the half-life of a fossil organism. c. the relative ages of rocks. d. the absolute ages of rocks. Use the diagram to answer each question. 19. Did birds evolve from the gliding reptiles called pterosaurs? Explain your reasoning. a. Yes, birds and pterosaurs are on the same branching tree. b. No, birds and pterosaurs are NOT on the same branching tree. c. Yes, birds and pterosaurs both evolved from turtles. d. No, birds and pterosaurs are both mammals 20. Are pterosaurs more closely related to turtles or to crocodilians? Explain your answer. a. Pterosaurs are more closely related to crocodilians because their common ancestor is a modern bird. b. Pterosaurs are more closely related to turtles bacause they both fly. c. Pterosaurs are more closely related to crocodilians because they share a more recent common ancestor. d. Pterosaurs are equally related to the crocodilian and the turtle.</p><p>21. Name the common ancestor of pterosaurs and crocodilians. a. Plesiosaurs b. Thecodonts c. Archaeopteryx d. Mammal </p><p>Use the diagram to answer each question.</p><p>22. Which sedimentary rock layer is older, A or B? a) A b) B</p><p>23. How do layers B and D compare in age? a) B and D are the same age b) B is older than D c) D is older than B</p><p>Use the diagram to answer each question.</p><p>24. What is the half-life of strontium-90? a) 28 yrs b) 56 yrs c) 84 yrs</p><p>25. How long will it take until only 25 percent of the strontium-90 remains? a) 56 yrs b) 84 yrs c) 112 yrs </p><p>26. Why do scientists organize living things into groups? a) so they can find them in the wild more easily b) so that the organisms are easier to study c) so they can make sense of the variety of rocks on Earth d) so products from living things can be easily found in groceries</p><p>27. An organism’s scientific name consists of a) its class name and its family name. b) its kingdom name and its phylum name. c) its genus name and its species name. d) its phylum name and its species name.</p><p>28. The more classification levels that two organisms share, a) the closer together on Earth they live. b) the easier it is to tell them apart. c) the more characteristics they have in common. d) the more distantly related they area</p><p>29. A(n) ______is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. a. scientific theory b. species c. dichotomous key d. homologous structure</p><p>Use the diagram to answer each question. Table of Classification Labels Classification Aardwolf Gray Wolf Coyote Lion Blue Whale Level</p><p>Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Cetacea Family Hyaenidae Canidae Canidae Felidae Balenopteridae Genus Proteles Canis Canis Panthera Balaenoptera Species Proteles Canis lupus Canis latrans Panthera leo Balaenoptera musculus cristatus</p><p>30. What classification groups do all of the organisms in the table have in common? a. family, genus, species b. kingdom, phylum, class c. class, order, family d. All of them 31. Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? a. Aardwolf b. Gray Wolf c. Coyote d. Blue Whale 32. A horse and a donkey can mate with each other. Their offspring, called a mule, is not fertile. Do horses and donkeys belong to the same species? Explain your answer. a. Yes, they can produce offspring b. No, in order to be in the same species they must produce fertile offspring c. Yes, just like a dog and a cat produce offspring d. No, unleass the horse is femal and the donkey is male.</p><p>Flatworm Dichotomous Key Several unique flatworms have been discovered in a local pond. You are the taxonomist in charge of identifying them. Examine each worm closely and then use the dichotomous key to find its scientific name. Bubble in the letters next to the name that matches the worm described. Its possible that a new species has been discovered and cannot be named by using this key. Bubble in all the letters if the worm’s characteristics are not found on the key.</p><p>1 a Specimen has a single tail ……………… ………………………. go to 2 b Specimen has more than one tail ……… ………………………. go to 5</p><p>2 a Specimen has one head ………………………. go to 3 ………………… b Specimen has more than one head …… ………………………. go to 7</p><p>3 a Body pattern divided along the ………………………. A)Wormsii midline ... undecidiae b Body pattern not divided along the midline ………………………. go to 4 ……………………………………..</p><p>4 a Body pattern dots ……………………….. ………………………. B)Uniformu s measalus b Body pattern no dots …………………... ………………………. C)Uniformu s plaidae</p><p>5 a Specimen has one head ………………………. go to 6 ………………… b Specimen has more than one head ………………………. go to 8 …….</p><p>6 a Body edges smooth ………………………. D) Waggus ……………………… biprodums b Body edges not smooth ………………………. E) Nervous …………………. nervii</p><p>7 a Number of heads more than 5 …………. ………………………. AB) Pluralis thinkeris b Number of heads less than 5 ………………………. BC) Pluralis …………… minimus</p><p>8 a Number of heads greater than number CD) of tails ………………………. Numeralis ………………………………………… evensii b Number of heads less than number of DE) tails ………………………………………. ………………………. Numeralis oddusae 37 33</p><p>38 34</p><p>35 39</p><p>40 36</p>