<p>Journal Club 2011: PL-2 Prognosis (4)</p><p>Facilitator: Conrad Clemens, M.D., M.P.H.. </p><p>Learning Objectives: </p><p>Each PL-2 will be able to:</p><p>1. Survival curves—how to interpret & their use</p><p>2. Review of concepts covered during internship:</p><p> a. Were groups comparable in all other factors?</p><p> b. Were exposures and outcomes measured the same in all groups?</p><p> c. Was follow-up sufficiently long & complete?</p><p> d. Is the temporal relation correct? Is there a dose-response? Is relation </p><p> biologically plausible? Were other explanatory factors considered?</p><p> e. Strength of association--revisit use of number needed to harm, relative </p><p> risk, odds ratios (as dictated by specific article) from previous journal </p><p> club</p><p>Case:</p><p>A pregnant woman at 23 weeks of gestational age has a precipitous delivery of a newborn appearing 22-23 weeks of gestational age. You and your fellow resident at the delivery disagree regarding how aggressive to be with resuscitation efforts. </p><p>References:</p><p>1. Users’ guides to the medical literature: V. How to use an article about prognosis. Laupacis A, et al. JAMA 1994; 272:234-7. </p>