<p>Study Guide </p><p>Gonzales, Mexicanos chapter 9, pt. 2</p><p>Goodbye to Aztlán</p><p>1. Changes in Mexican society</p><p>2. Rise in migration – propelled by an inability of Mexico to provide a decent living for many of its citizens</p><p>3. Maquiladora system</p><p>4. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)</p><p>5. U.S. “bailout” – 1994 (p. 228)</p><p> a. Luis Colosio</p><p> b. EZLN</p><p>6. Migration patterns</p><p> a. Dual residence patterns – “transnational migrant circuits”</p><p> b. Indigenous migration and the Mexican contradiction (p. 230) c. New patterns of migration – urban poor – often educated, disillusioned professionals</p><p> d. New patterns of work</p><p>7. Nativism</p><p> a. Reaction to migrants</p><p> b. Education – </p><p> b.i. prop 187 </p><p> b.ii. prop 209</p><p> b.iii. English only</p><p> c. “Welfare”</p><p> d. Taxes?</p><p>8. Immigration Reform</p><p> a. “Rambo years” (p. 238)</p><p> b. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) b.i. Employer sanctions</p><p> b.ii. Amnesty</p><p> b.iii. Reality of production</p><p>9. Globalization – </p><p> a. economic colonialism</p><p> b. capital and labor</p><p>10. Capitalism</p><p>11. Socialism</p><p>12. Education</p><p> a. Drop-out rate – 40% in 1990s</p><p> a.i. different educational opportunities</p><p> a.ii. de facto segregation</p><p> a.iii. alienation</p><p> b. Community college c. University</p><p>13. “Culture of poverty”</p><p> a. Oscar Lewis</p><p> b. Machismo</p><p> b.i. Patriarchy</p><p> b.ii. Anti-intellectualism</p><p> b.iii. Gangs </p><p> c. Critique of the culture of poverty</p><p> c.i. William Julius Wilson</p><p> c.ii. Cornel West</p><p> d. Poverty line</p><p> e. Institutional racism - Social processes that, intentionally or not, protect the advantages of the dominant group while maintaining the unequal position of the subordinate groups. 14. Mexican American Middle Class</p><p> a. “Hispanics”</p><p> b. Assimilation</p><p> c. Professions</p><p>15. Religion</p><p> a. Catholicism</p><p> a.i. Second Vatican Council</p><p> a.ii. Liberation theology</p><p> a.iii. UFW</p><p> a.iv. Sanctuary (p. 247)</p><p> a.v. Pope Francis</p><p> b. Protestantism</p><p> b.i. Evangelicalism b.ii. Pentecostalism</p><p> c. Islam (p. 247)</p><p> d. Buddhism </p><p>16. Feministas: The Second Generation</p><p> a. Education – Chicana studies departments</p><p> a.i. Race, class and gender</p><p> a.ii. Sexual orientation</p><p> b. Gloria Molina (1948-)</p><p> b.i. Grew up as one of ten children in the Los Angeles suburb of Pico Rivera, California</p><p> b.ii. Attended Rio Hondo College, East Los Angeles College and California State University, Los Angeles.</p><p> b.iii. First Latina in history to be elected to the California State Legislature, the Los Angeles City Council, and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors</p><p> b.iv. Ms Magazine’s “Woman of the Year” 1985 b.v. Involved in Mothers of East Los Angeles, a group formed to organize against a proposed plan to build a prison in East LA.</p><p> c. Loretta Sanchez (1960 -)</p><p> c.i. Born and raised in Lynwood, CA</p><p> c.ii. B.A., Chapman University, Orange, Calif., 1982</p><p> c.iii. M.B.A., American University, Washington, D.C., 1984</p><p> c.iv. Narrowly defeated nine-term incumbent “Bullet” Bob Dornan, a fiery ultraconservative, in Orange County, CA. As a Democrat, Sanchez became the first Hispanic on Orange County elected to Congress to represent the 46th District</p><p>17. The Chicano Renaissance</p><p> a. Examples -- the novel</p><p> a.i. Jose Antonio Villareal – Pocho (1959) – “many literary critics see Pocho as the first Chicano novel” (p. 252)</p><p> a.ii. Rudolfo Anaya -- Bless Me Ultima (1972) – “The best-selling and arguable the most popular Chicano literary work, ever”</p><p> a.iii. Victor Villasenor – Rain of Gold (1992) </p><p> a.iv. Helena Viramontes – Under the Feet of Jesus (1996) a.v. Sandra Cisneros – House on Mango Street (1991)</p><p> b. Examples – theater, acting and film</p><p> b.i. Luis Valdez – El Teatro Campesino (p. 255), Zoot Suit (1978)</p><p> b.ii. James Olmos – Stand and Deliver (1988); Selena (1997); American Me (1992)</p><p> b.iii. Gregory Nava – El Norte (1983)</p><p> b.iv. Richard “Cheech” Marin – Born in East LA (1987)</p><p> c. Mural Art</p><p> c.i. Mexican muralists</p><p> c.ii. Judith Baca</p><p> c.iii. Patricia Rodriquez</p><p> c.iv. Los Four film (p. 259) Los Four d. Music</p><p> d.i. Tex-Mex Sound – Flaco Jimenez</p><p> d.ii. Carlos Santana</p><p> d.iii. Los Lobos </p><p> d.iii.1. One Time on Night</p><p> d.iii.2. La Bamba</p><p> d.iv. Johnny Rodriquez – Down on the Rio Grande</p><p> d.v. Freddie Fender</p><p> d.vi. Selena Selena Quintanilla/Jennifer Lopez Selena Live </p>