Instructions for Formatting Your Assignment

PHE-15 ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET Bachelor's Degree Programme ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Last date of submission: 31st March 2010Please send your assignment response and feedback to:Prof. Vijayshri Course Coordinator, PHE-15 School of Sciences, Room No. 128, Block D, New Academic Complex IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, NEW DELHI 110068Please Note You can take electives (56 to 64 credits) from a minimum of TWO and a maximum of FOUR science disciplines, viz. Physics, Chemistry, Life Sciences and Mathematics. You can opt for elective courses worth a MINIMUM OF 8 CREDITS and a MAXIMUM OF 48 CREDITS from any of these four disciplines. At least 25% of the total credits that you register for in the elective courses from Life Sciences, Chemistry and Physics disciplines must be from the laboratory courses. For example, if you opt for a total of 64 credits of electives in these 3 disciplines, at least 16 credits should be from lab courses. You cannot appear in the Term-End Examination of any course without registering for the course. Otherwise, your result will not be declared and the onus will be on you.School of Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (2009) Dear Student, We hope you are familiar with the system of evaluation to be followed for the Bachelor’s Degree Programme. At this stage you may probably like to re-read the section on assignments for Elective Courses in the Programme Guide that we sent you after your enrolment. A weightage of 30 per cent, as you are aware, has been earmarked for continuous evaluation which would consist of one tutor-marked assignment (TMA) for this course. Instructions for Formatting Your Assignment:Before attempting the assignment please read the following instructions carefully: 1) On top of the first page of your TMA answer sheet, please write the details exactly in the following format: ENROLMENT NO.:……………………………………………NAME :……………………………………………ADDRESS :……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… COURSE CODE: ……………………………. COURSE TITLE : ……………………………. ASSIGNMENT NO. ………………………….… STUDY CENTRE: ………………………..….. DATE:.…………………………………...PLEASE FOLLOW THE ABOVE FORMAT STRICTLY TO FACILITATE EVALUATION AND TO AVOID DELAY. 2) Use only foolscap size writing paper (but not of very thin variety) for writing your answers. 3) Leave 4 cm margin on the left, top and bottom of your answer sheet. 4) Your answers should be precise. 5) While solving problems, clearly indicate the question number along with the part being solved. Be precise. Write units at each step of your calculations as done in the text because marks will be deducted for such mistakes. Take care of significant digits in your work. Recheck your work before submitting it. 6) A feedback form is being sent along with this assignment. PLEASE FILL IT UP AND POST IT TO US.Answer sheets received after the due date shall not be accepted. We strongly recommend that you should retain a copy of your assignment response to avoid any unforeseen situation and append, if possible, a photocopy of this booklet with your response.We wish you good luck.2 Tutor Marked Assignment Astronomy and Astrophysics (PHE-15) Course Code: PHE-15 Assignment Code: PHE-15/TMA/2009 Max. Marks: 100 Note: Answer in your own words. DO NOT COPY from the course material. The marks for each question are indicated against it. Symbols have their usual meanings.1. (a) The distance of planet Jupiter from the Sun is 5 AU. Express this distance in light year and parsec. (5) (b) Calculate the ratio of the surface temperatures of the stars 1 and 2 from the following data:Star Absolute magnitude Radius (R) 1 2 64 2 7 4 (5)2. (a) Show the horizon coordinates of a star X on a celestial sphere for a location at latitude 30 N. Would these coordinates be the same at latitude 45 N? (4+1)(b) Why do X-ray telescopes need to be placed beyond the Earth’s atmosphere? Which telescope, optical or X-ray, would have higher resolving power for the same aperture? Calculate the magnitude of the faintest object that a 10 m optical telescope can detect. (1+1+3)3. (a) A main sequence star has mass 2×1031 kg and radius 3×109 m. Obtain an estimate of the average temperature throughout the star. Examine if Newton’s theory would be adequate for the study of this star. (3 + 2)(b) Explain how sunspots survive for so long even though they are surrounded by hotter matter. (5)4. (a) The mean distance of Mars from the Earth is 0.5 A.U. and its orbital period is 687 days. Calculate the orbital period of Jupiter given that its mean distance from the Earth is 4 A.U. (5)(b) A star has surface temperature of 25000 K. Which lines would be prominent in its spectrum and why? (1+4)5. (a) Derive the expression for the mean temperature in a star:  T   M 2 / 3  ρ 1/ 3Will this result apply to a star which is not in equilibrium? (4+1)(b) The mean free path of photons in stars is of the order of 0.2 cm. Show that the time taken for a photon to reach the surface of a star of radius 4 R is of the order of one million year. (5)6. (a) Describe the composition of the interstellar medium. Explain how it has been possible to map the HI clouds. (2+3)(b) Write down the condition under which a large molecular cloud collapses to give rise to new stars. Calculate the time of free fall of an HI cloud of density 106 particles / m3 if the collapse is adiabatic. (1+4)3 7. (a) Explain the meaning of a degenerate gas. A white dwarf star has a mass of 1030 kg. Its luminosity is 1024 Js−1. Calculate how long it can survive with its present luminosity if its internal temperature is 107 K. (2+3)(b) How long will a 5 M star burn hydrogen as fuel, given that the Sun will do so for about 1010 years? (5)8. (a) Obtain an expression for the radial velocity of objects in the galaxy as a function of their galactic longitude. (5)(b) Distinguish between an active galaxy and a normal galaxy. Describe the classification of active galaxies. (2+3)9. (a) Describe Hubble’s Classification scheme for galaxies. How bright were the galaxies which were included in the classification scheme? (4+1)(b) An electron is moving with a speed of 0.9c in a magnetic field of strength 106 G. Calculate the peak frequency at which the electron will radiate. (5)10. (a) What is cosmic background radiation? Explain why it is so important to the debate between and evolving and a steady-state universe. (2+3)(b) If the temperature of the background radiation today is 3 K, at what time after the birth of the universe was the temperature 1015 K. Take the age of the universe as 15×109 years. (5)4 TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICS PROGRAMMES BROADCAST ON GYAN DARSHAN 1 July 2009 – May 2010This is the tentative schedule for Physics students. The students may approach their cable operator to avail this facility.Date/Day Time Slot Course Code Video Programme Title July 2009 12-07-09 9.00-9.30 pm PHE-13 Introduction to Crystal Structure (Sun) 14-07-09 9.00-9.30 pm PHE-01 Exploring Physics: Experiment with Low cost (Tues) Materials 19-07-09 9.00-9.30 pm CPLT- 04 Physics Lab Technician: Know your job (Sun) 26-07-09 9.00-9.30 pm CPLT- 04 Bhautiki Prayogshala Technician: Aapka Kaam (Sun) 28-07-09 8.15-8.40 am PHE-01 The Bicycle: A Vehicle for Teaching Physics (Tues) August 2009 11-08-09 9.00-9.30 pm PHE- 01 The Physics of Dance (Tues) 18-08-09 9.00-9.30 pm PHE- 01 Rotating Frames of Reference (Tues) 25-08-09 8.15-8.40 am PHE -02 Simple Harmonic Motion (Tues) 25-08-09 9.00-9.30 pm PHE- 02 Dolan (Tues) September 2009 08-09-09 8.15-8.40 am PHE- 15 Glimpses of the Cosmos (Tues) 13-09-09 8.15-8.40 am PHE -02 Coupled Oscillations (Sun) 15-09-09 8.15-9.00 am PHE- 06 First Law of Thermodynamics (Tues) October 2009 11-10-09 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-06 Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics (Sun) 18-10-09 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-01 Ghurni Nirdesh Tantra (Hindi) (Sun) November 2009 15-11-09 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-01 The Physics of Dance (Sun) December 2009 20-12-09 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-06 Thermodynamics in Action (Sun) 22-12-09 8.15–9.00 am PHE-06 Ushmagatiki ke Anuprayog (Tues) 29-12-09 8.15–9.00 am PHE-01 The Bicycle: A Vehicle for Teaching Physics (Tues)5 Date/Day Time Slot Course Code Video Programme Title January 2010 10-01-10 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 Glimpses of the Cosmos (Sun) 17-01-10 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-02 Simple Harmonic Motion (Sun) 24-01-10 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 Exploring the Night Sky (Sun) 26-01-10 8.15–9.00 am PHE-02 Dolan (Tues) February 2010 14-02-10 9.00–9.30 pm PHE-15 On the Trail of Stars (Sun) 16-02-10 8.15–9.00 am PHE-06 Second Law of Thermodynamics (Tues) 23-02-10 8.15–9.00 am PHE-02 Coupled Oscillations (Tues) March 2010 09-03-10 8.15–9.00 am PHE- 13 Introduction to Crystal Structure (Tues) 16-03-10 8.15–9.00 am PHE- 15 Astronomical Coordinates (Tues) 21-03-10 9.00–9.30 pm PHE- 10 Operational Amplifier (Sun) 23-03-10 8.15–9.00 am PHE- 06 Carnot Cycle (Tues) April 2010 11-04-10 9-00-9.30 pm PHE- 15 Astronomical Measurements (Measurement of (Sun) Distance and Brightness) 18-04-10 9-00-9.30 pm PHE- 01 Rotating Frames of Reference (Sun) May 2010 16-05-10 9.00-9.30 pm PHE -15 Astronomical Measurements (Measurement of (Sun) Mass, Temperature and Time) 18-05-10 9-00-9.30 pm PHE -10 Logic Gates (Tues)6 TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR EDUSAT/TELECONFERENCING SESSIONS AT STUDY CENTRES FOR PHYSICS STUDENTS JULY 2009 TO MAY 2010 Time: 5.00 to 5.45 pm and 6.00 to 6.45 pm Month/Date* Course July 2009 PHE-06 24-07-09 August 2009 PHE-15 28-08-09 September 2009 PHE-10 25-09-09 October 2009 PHE-01 23-10-09 November 2009 PHE-04 27-11-09 January 2010 PHE-11 22-01-10 February 2010 PHE-15 26-02-10 March 2010 PHE-16 26-03-10 April 2010 PHE-14 23-04-10 May 2010 PHE-13 28-05-10 * Fourth Friday of every monthTENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICS STUDENTS ON DD1 (National Network) JULY 2009 TO MAY 2010 Time: 6.00 AM to 6.30 AM Month/Date* Course Topic July 2009 PHE-01 Exploring Physics: Experiments with Low 13-07-09 Cost Materials August 2009 PHE-02 Coupled Oscillations 10-08-09 September 2009 PHE-01 Rotating Frames of Reference 14-09-09 October 2009 PHE-06 Thermodynamics in Action 12-10-09 November 2009 PHE-15 Exploring the Night Sky 09-11-09 January 2010 PHE-13 Introduction to Crystal Structure 11-01-10 February 2010 PHE-01 Ghurni Nirdesh Tantra (Hindi) 08-02-10 March 2010 PHE-15 Astronomical Coordinates 08-03-10 April 2010 PHE-06 Ushmagatiki ke Anuprayog 12-04-10 May 2010 PHE-15 On the Trail of Stars 10-05-10 * Second Monday of every month7Dear Student, We would like to get your feedback on the course Astronomy and Astrophysics (PHE-15) while you are studying it. Fill in your answers about each unit while you are studying/revising it. THIS FEEDBACK IS COMPULSORY AND YOU MUST SEND IT TO US as without the feedback your assignment will be considered incomplete. Please keep a copy of your assignment with you for the sake of record. Do not give incorrect information just to please us. Your answers should be based on your own experience, good or bad; pleasant or otherwise. PLEASE POST YOUR FEEDBACK AND THE ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE OF PHE-15 TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: Prof. Vijayshri Course Coordinator, PHE –15 School of Sciences, IGNOU Room no. 128, Raman Block, New Academic Complex Maidan Garhi NEW DELHI 110068 If you face any difficulty regarding the course, please feel free to contact us on our e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]. We wish you all the very best. (Vijayshri)8 FEEDBACK ON “ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS” (PHE-15)Tick () the appropriate responses, wherever needed.1. a. Name : …………………………………… b. Male / Female c. Enrolment Number: ………………………. d. Date of birth : ……………… e. Study Centre Code and Name .…………………………... 2. Do you have access to Internet? At home / Yes, at a friend’s home / Yes, at cyber café / Yes, at study centre / NoIf yes, write your e-mail address: ...... 3. Are you doing B.Sc. Major in Physics? Yes/No. a) If not, please list the Physics electives you have opted for in B.Sc.……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………4. List the electives that you have taken from other disciplines.……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………5. Rate your proficiency in English: Very good/ good/ fair/ average/ not so good6. Are you employed? Yes/No. If yes, please specify the nature of the employment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………7. Did you study the course introduction and block introductions before studying the units. Yes/No. a) If yes, do you have any suggestions about their content, length, language, etc.……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………8. Did you read the introduction and objectives of each Unit before studying it? Yes/No.9 9. Are the introduction and objectives of the Units clear to you? Yes/No. If not, specify the difficulties:……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………10. Put a tick mark on the correct response:(i) The level of the course was as I Yes/No, it was too high/ No, it was lower. expected.(ii) The topics, concepts covered were Yes /No interesting and informative.(iii) The mathematics used was as I Yes/No, it was Difficult/No, it was easy expected.(iv) I would have preferred a non- Yes /No mathematical explanation.11. Would you like: (i) to attend radio counseling for the course? Yes /No If yes, please mention the preferred timings (ii) to attend teleconferencing for the course? Yes /No If yes, please mention the preferred timings. (iii) your difficulties to be solved through letters from Yes /No counsellors. (iv) to use the INTERNET facilities for counseling. Yes /No12. Do you use computer for study purpose? Yes/NoIf yes, which software packages do you use?……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………10 13. Your overall comments on the course. (Write the comments on the course after studying it.) You may use extra pages.……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………14. Please fill the enclosed annexure to give us unit-wise feedback.15. If you have filled in words like 'not clear/difficult/not sufficient/not interesting', etc. in any of the rows and columns for the units in Annexure, please mention what is not clear about each part. Use additional pages if need be.……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………16. What (e.g., explanation, diagram, examples, definitions, etc.) would you like to be added or deleted in the units to make it easier to study? Use additional pages if your answer is long.……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………17. Have you received teaching comments from counsellors on your TMA responses for other physics electives that can help you in learning the concepts better? Yes/NoIf yes, please list all such TMAs.……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………11 ANNEXURE 4. Unit wise Feedback : Answer this part while studying each unit or immediately afterwards. Note : Please tell us about your difficulties in studying each section of the units. To describe your response, you may select the appropriate words from among the following : not clear, not sufficient, difficult, not relevant, not interesting. If you wish, you can use any other words. For example, if you feel that the language used in Sec. 1.2 is difficult and not clear, you should write the words ‘difficult, not clear’ at *. In the last column, you have to tell the approximate time you have taken to study each section.Block 1 Unit 1 : Astronomical ScalesSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the Questions section (min./h.) 1.2 * 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.412 Block 1 Unit 2 : Basic Concepts of Positional AstronomySection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 Block 1 Unit 3 : Astronomical TechniquesSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 3.2 3.2.113 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.214 Block 1 Unit 4: Physical PrinciplesSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.)4.24.2.14.2.24.34.44.4.14.4.24.4.34.4.415 Block 2 Unit 5 : The SunSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 Block 2 Unit 6 : The Solar FamilySection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Block 2 Unit 7: Stellar Spectra and Classification Section Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 7.2 7.316 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.4 7.5Block 2 Unit 8: Stellar StructureSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.6.117 Block 3 Unit 9 : Star Formation Section Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.4 9.4.1 Block 3 Unit 10: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Evolution Section Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4.1 10.4.2 10.5 Block 3 Unit 11: Compact Stars Section Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.)11.218 11.2.111.311.3.111.411.4.111.4.211.511.5.119 Block 3 Unit 12: The Milky Way Section Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.)12.212.312.3.112.3.212.3.312.412.520 Block 4 Unit 13: GalaxiesSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.) 13.2 13.2.1 13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 13.3.3 13.4 13.4.1 13.4.2 13.4.3 13.4.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Block 4 Unit 14 : Active GalaxiesSection Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.)14.221 14.2.114.2.214.2.314.314.3.114.3.214.3.314.414.4.122 Block 4 Unit 15: Large Scale Structure and The Expanding Universe Section Explanation of Examples Language Mathematics Technical Figures and SAQs and Time taken to Concepts given used used Definitions Tables Terminal study the section Questions (min./h.)15.215.2.115.2.215.315.3.115.415.4.115.515.615.6.115.6.223

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