IAEA-TECDOC-1162 Generic procedures for assessment and response during a radiological emergency August 2000 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Radiation Safety Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Emended version, March 2013. Details of revisions are available at: www.pub.iaea/books/ GENERIC PROCEDURES FOR ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE DURING A RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY IAEA, VIENNA, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1162 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2000 Printed by the IAEA in Austria August 2000 FOREWORD One of the most important aspects of managing a radiological emergency is the ability to promptly and adequately determine and take actions to protect members of the public and emergency workers. Radiological accident assessment must take account of all critical information available at any time and must be an iterative and dynamic process aimed at reviewing the response as more detailed and complete information becomes available. This manual provides the tools, generic procedures and data needed for an initial response to a non-reactor radiological accident. This manual is one out of a set of IAEA publications on emergency preparedness and response, including Method for the Development of Emergency Response Preparedness for Nuclear or Radiological Accidents (IAEA-TECDOC-953), Generic Assessment Procedures for Determining Protective Actions During a Reactor Accident (IAEA-TECDOC-955) and Intervention Criteria in a Nuclear or Radiation Emergency (Safety Series No. 109). The procedures and data in this publication have been prepared with due attention to accuracy. However, as part of the ongoing revision process, they are undergoing detailed quality assurance checks; comments are welcomed, and following a period of time that will have allowed for a more extensive review, the IAEA will revise the publication as part of the process of continuous improvement. In the meantime, it remains the responsibility of the users to ensure that the information is correct and appropriate to their purposes. The manual uses a number of generic practices. Therefore, careful review and adaptation of its contents are strongly recommended prior to its use, so that the response is integrated into the response to all emergencies, and into national emergency response training schemes. The IAEA is grateful for the contribution made by experts from various Member States who took part in the development and review of this publication, and in particular, to R. Martinčič (J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia). M. Crick, of the Division of Radiation and Waste Safety, was the IAEA officer responsible for this publication. EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. GENERIC PROCEDURES FOR ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE DURING A RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY IAEA-TECDOC-1162 CORRIGENDUM 1. Page 99, Table E3. In the row “Cs-134” and column “50 Year”, the number “5.1E-03” should read “5.1E-02”. 2013-03-21 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Structure ................................................................................................................................. 2 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 3 Objectives of emergency response ......................................................................................... 3 Philosophy .............................................................................................................................. 3 Response organization ............................................................................................................ 3 Initial response ....................................................................................................................... 6 Accident scenarios .................................................................................................................. 8 Communication with the media ........................................................................................... 11 SECTION A: RESPONSE INITIATION Procedure A1: Response initiation .................................................................................. 15 SECTION B: MANAGING ACCIDENT RESPONSE Procedure B0: Emergency management overview ......................................................... 19 Procedure B1: Accident with radiation source(s) or material ......................................... 30 Procedure B2: Missing source ........................................................................................ 33 SECTION C: RESPONSE AT THE SCENE Procedure C1: On-scene controller response .................................................................. 39 Procedure C2: Police response ........................................................................................ 43 Procedure C3: Fire service response ............................................................................... 45 Procedure C4: On-scene emergency medical response .................................................. 47 Procedure C5: Initial response by facility responder ...................................................... 49 Procedure C6: Personal protection guide ........................................................................ 51 SECTION D: RADIOLOGICAL RESPONSE Procedure D0: Managing radiological response ............................................................. 55 Procedure D1: Source recovery/removal of radioactive material ................................... 68 Procedure D2: Decontamination of people and equipment ............................................. 72 Procedure D3: Removal of radioactive wastes ................................................................ 79 SECTION E: DOSE ASSESSMENT Procedure E0: Dose assessment overview ...................................................................... 83 Procedure E1: Point source ............................................................................................. 85 Procedure E2: Line source and spill ............................................................................... 93 Procedure E3: Ground contamination ............................................................................. 96 Procedure E4: Skin contamination ................................................................................ 102 Procedure E5: Inhalation ............................................................................................... 105 Procedure E5a: Assessing radionuclide concentrations in air ........................................ 110 Procedure E6: Ingestion ................................................................................................ 115 Procedure E7: Air immersion ....................................................................................... 118 Procedure E8: Activity calculation ............................................................................... 121 WORKSHEETS Worksheet A1: Accident registry form .......................................................................... 125 Worksheet A2: Alerted emergency responders form ..................................................... 127 Worksheet B1: Immediate response actions record ....................................................... 128 Worksheet D1: Exposure control record ........................................................................ 129 Worksheet D2: Contaminated item(s) label ................................................................... 130 Worksheet D3: Receipt for contaminated item(s) .......................................................... 131 APPENDICES Appendix I: How to request IAEA’s assistance ........................................................ 135 Appendix II: Medical preparedness and response ...................................................... 137 Appendix III: Guide to suitable instrumentation ......................................................... 142 Appendix IV: Transport packages and source identification ....................................... 149 Appendix V: Accidents with trans-boundary effects .................................................. 152 Appendix VI: Nuclear powered satellite re-entry ........................................................ 154 Appendix VII: Communication with the media and the public ..................................... 156 Appendix VIII: How to prepare the accident report ....................................................... 159 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................