<p>AP® Computer Science (A) Exercises 01.10-12 Date: Name: Period:</p><p>1. Traditionally, the introductory courses in computer science focus on ______. </p><p>2. What is a program?</p><p>3. What is a programmer?</p><p>4. What was required to program the ENIAC?</p><p>5. What was required to simply enter numbers into the Mark-I calculator?</p><p>6. What is another word for Machine Language?</p><p>7. What does programming in Machine Language mean?</p><p>8. What computer first introduced Assembly Language?</p><p>9. Refer to your answer to the previous question. What was the name of the assembler in that computer?</p><p>10. Who is credited with making the term debugging popular and also wrote the first compiler?</p><p>11. Grace Hopper’s immeasurable contributions to computer science have earned her the nickname “______”.</p><p>12. List 2 Low-Level Languages. </p><p>13. Refer to your answer to the previous question. Why are these languages considered “low-level?”</p><p>14. Describe a High-Level Language.</p><p>15. Describe a Very-High-Level Language.</p><p>Exposure Computer Science 2016 for AP®CS (A) Exercises 01.10-12 Page 1 07-06-16 16. What does a computer translator do?</p><p>17. How does a compiler translate?</p><p>18. How does an interpreter translate?</p><p>19. What was the first successful programming language?</p><p>20. FORTRAN was designed for which groups of people?</p><p>21. LISP is known for being one of the languages specifically designed to help develop ______.</p><p>22. COBOL was designed for which group of people?</p><p>23. Who was the primary designer of COBOL?</p><p>24. After IBM standardized hardware with ______, they set out to standardize software as well by creating ______. </p><p>25. PL/I was created by combining all of the features of which 2 languages?</p><p>26. The intention was that PL/I would be “everything for everyone”. The reality was this language was not popular. Explain why.</p><p>27. Why did Tom Kurtz and John Kemeny create BASIC?</p><p>28. Explain why the use of BASIC become widespread when personal computers came out in 1976.</p><p>29. Why did a number of college professors did not like BASIC?</p><p>Exposure Computer Science 2016 for AP®CS (A) Exercises 01.10-12 Page 2 07-06-16 30. Niklaus Wirth created the language Pascal specifically for the purpose of ______.</p><p>31. How is Pascal different from PL/I?</p><p>32. What was BCPL originally intended for?</p><p>33. In 1969, a slimmed down version of BCPL was released. It was simply called B. In 1972, an improved version of B was released. What was that language called?</p><p>34. What does OOP stand for?</p><p>35. In 1983, Bjarne Stroustrup created a new language by combining C with OOP. What was that language called?</p><p>36. What is the first Platform Independent language?</p><p>37. What does “Platform Independence” mean?</p><p>38. What is the major difference between Java and C++?</p><p>39. In 1998, the Lego Corporation created their first point-and-click language for use with their Lego Mindstorms robots. In 2006, they released their next language. What was that language called?</p><p>40. Were early personal computers networked?</p><p>41. What is Sneaker Net?</p><p>42. The first practical networks for personal computers were called what?</p><p>43. What is a peer-to-peer network?</p><p>44. What does LAN stand for?</p><p>Exposure Computer Science 2016 for AP®CS (A) Exercises 01.10-12 Page 3 07-06-16</p><p>45. What is a server?</p><p>46. The Internet came about during what period in our history?</p><p>47. Where in the Internet is the central location where all the control computers are located?</p><p>48. Normally, businesses and schools have a series of LANs that all connect into a large network called what?</p><p>49. What does ISP stand for?</p><p>50. Wireless connections are convenient, but there are some problems. List 2 of them. </p><p>Exposure Computer Science 2016 for AP®CS (A) Exercises 01.10-12 Page 4 07-06-16</p>