<p> Genetics and Heredity • Heredity • The passing of ______from parent to offspring. • 1. Genes on chromosomes control the ______that show up in an organism • 2. The different forms of a trait that a gene may have are ______• 3. During ______a pair of chromosomes separates and the ______move into separate cells • 4. Each chromosome now contains ______gene for each trait. • 5. The study of how traits are inherited is ______B. Gregor Mendel • Known as the ______– Austrian monk – Studied mathematics and science – Began experimenting with ______in 1856</p><p>• 1. Mendel was the first to use the ______to explain heredity and to trace one trait for ______Hybrid • 2. A hybrid receives ______genetic information for a trait from each parent – a. ______allele- covers up or dominates the other trait – b. ______allele- trait that seems to disappear Probability • 3. Probability helps you ______that chance that something will happen Punnett Square • 4. A ______can help you predict what an offspring will look like – a. ______stand for dominant alleles – b. ______stand for recessive alleles</p><p>Genotype • 5. Genotype is the ______of an organism</p><p>• a. ______- an organism with two alleles for one trait that are the same (Ex. Written TT, or tt) – Mendel would have called it ______• b. ______- an organism with two alleles for one trait that are different (ex. Written Tt) – Mendel would have called it ______Phenotype • 6. Phenotype – the way an organism ______as a result of its genotype.</p><p>Punnett Practice • This animated punnett square shows a cross between a homozygous brown eyed father (BB) and a homozygous blue-eyed mother (bb) *All of the children will be ______for Brown eyes (______)</p><p>Punnett Practice The orange bird has two ______A genes. •We put two A s along the top of the square.</p><p>The blue bird has two ______a genes. • We put two a s down along the left side of the square.</p><p>All the offspring have the genes Aa. They will all have orange feathers, but will carry a recessive gene for blue feathers. This is called the ______Punnett Practice • Now suppose that two individuals from the F1 generation become parents.</p><p>• Here they are! The baby birds are called the F2 generation. • You can see how their genes work out.-- • One bird will be ______with two AA genes.</p><p>• Two birds will be ______with genes coded Aa.</p><p>• One bird will be ______and will have two recessive aa genes.</p><p>Individual nests of birds may not turn out exactly like this, but if there are many baby birds, they will work out genetically with the ______. Suppose you crossed a heterozygous yellow pea plant (Yy) with a homozygous green pea plant (yy) What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? Make a punnett square to find out 1) Which square is correct? 2) What are the correct genotypes and phenotypes?</p>