<p> Page 1 of 5 Ms. Bowie Biology 11 February 2013 Investigating 3D Molecules – Online Lab</p><p>Name: ______Section: ____ Date: ______</p><p>In this activity, you will view and manipulate computer-generated, three-dimensional molecular models of various biochemicals, the chemicals of living matter. You will also compare the different nutrient molecules.</p><p>1) Log on to your computer. Go to: http://www.biotopics.co.uk/JmolApplet/jcontentstable.html</p><p>2) Go to the carbohydrates category. View glucose and fructose.</p><p> a. Name the elements present in these two molecules:</p><p> b. Count the number of atoms of each element.</p><p> c. Record the information as a ratio.</p><p>Name of # of # of # of Element #1 Element #2 Element #3 Ratio Compound atoms atoms atoms</p><p>Glucose</p><p>Fructose</p><p>3) View the lactose and sucrose. For each molecule, record the number of atoms of each element.</p><p>Name of # of # of # of Element #1 Element #2 Element #3 Ratio Compound atoms atoms atoms</p><p>Lactose</p><p>Sucrose Page 2 of 5 Ms. Bowie Biology 11 February 2013</p><p>4) View cellulose and amylase.</p><p>A) Describe the differences between cellulose and amylase.</p><p>B) Provide an illustration of each molecule.</p><p>5) Go to the lipids category. View glycerol (a fatty acid) and a triglyceride (a triglyceride is made up of glycerol and fatty acids). </p><p> a. Record the number of glycerol molecules and fatty acid molecules that can be found in on triglyceride.</p><p>6) View a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid. Compare these two by the number of hydrogens per carbon.</p><p># of Name of # of # of Element #1 Element #2 atom Element #3 Ratio Compound atoms atoms s Stearic acid Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen (saturated)</p><p>Oleic acid Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen (unsaturated) Page 3 of 5 Ms. Bowie Biology 11 February 2013 7) View a phospholipid. Compare the phospholipid to a triglyceride by: </p><p> a. The types of elements that each contains; and </p><p> b. By their structure</p><p>Phospholipid Triglyceride</p><p>Elements in the compound</p><p>Structure</p><p>8) Leave your current window open, open a new window and go to: </p><p> http://www.concord.org/~btinker/workbench_web/treeRoots/proteins/hemoglobin.htm</p><p>Scroll down on the screen and look at the ball and stick view of the hemoglobin.</p><p>Compare the haemoglobin and carbohydrates and lipids.</p><p>A) By size (number of atoms)</p><p>B) By complexity (shape)</p><p>C) Record the new elements that are present. Page 4 of 5 Ms. Bowie Biology 11 February 2013 9) Now go to http://www.worldofmolecules.com/3D/. Scroll down to the Amino Acids section. View the following amino acids.: glycine, alanine and cysteine. a. Indicate which parts of these molecules are the same.</p><p>10) OK, back to your original website. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/JmolApplet/jcontentstable.html</p><p>Go to the nucleic acids section. View DNA. Compare the size and complexity of this molecule to the other three categories viewed so far (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins).</p><p>Analysis </p><p>1. Carbohydrates: a. What is the ratio of elements in the simplest carbohydrates? </p><p> b. How does this relate to their group name, carbohydrates? Page 5 of 5 Ms. Bowie Biology 11 February 2013</p><p> c. How does the total number of atoms in sucrose compare to the total number of atoms in one glucose plus one fructose? </p><p> d. What atoms are missing? </p><p> e. What common material do these atoms form? </p><p>2. Construct a table to summarize your comparisons of the four major categories of biochemicals: (i) carbohydrates, (ii) lipids, (iii) proteins, and (iv) nucleic acids. 3. Compare these four in terms of (a) elements present; (b) relative size (the number of atoms will determine whether the molecules are small, medium, or large); and (c) relative complexity (they could be simple chains or groups or branching structures). </p><p>4. List the basic subunits for each of the four major categories of biochemicals.</p>