<p> World History STUDENT KEY Ms. Avar Latin American Independence Colonial Society Divided . Six classes of people existed in Latin America society: . Peninsulares – born in Spain (at the top) . Creoles – Spaniards born in Latin America . Mestizos – Mixed European / Indian ancestry . Mulattos – Mixed European / African ancestry . Africans . Indians (at the bottom) QUESTION: How is this division of social classes and hierarchy similar to that in the Old Regime in France? Different? </p><p>Revolutions in the Americas . Where in Latin America was independence first declared? . Early 1800s: French colony of Saint Domingue was the first Latin American colony to fight for independence. . Almost all of the people who lived in the French colony were slaves of African origin . In 1791, about 100,000 of them rose in revolt. Toussaint L’Ouverture, a former slave, was their leader. . In 1802 Napoleon sent troops to the island to end the rebellion but FAILED!! . In 1804, the colony declared its independence as Haiti QUESTION: What Enlightenment ideas was this revolution referencing? </p><p>Creoles Lead Independence . Why did Creoles want independence? . Creoles felt that they were not treated fairly. . Feeling got stronger when Napoleon overthrew the king of Spain and named his own brother as king. . Creoles in Latin America had no loyalty to the new king. . REVOLT!!! . Even after the old king was restored, they did not give up their fight for freedom. QUESTION: What other Revolution in the world started when people felt disconnected from their colonizers? What was the major issue there? </p><p>Two leaders push much of South America to independence Simón Bolívar José de San Martín . Writer . Helped win . Fighter independence for . Political thinker Argentina in 1816 . Survived defeats and Chile in 1818. and exile to . Led Argentinean help win AND Chilean independence armies to gain for Venezuela independence for in 1821. ALL Spanish colonies. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule . How did Mexico and Brazil achieve independence? . In Mexico: Mestizos and Indians lead the fight . 1810: Miguel Hidalgo, a village priest, called for a revolt against Spanish rule. . Creoles united with Spanish government to put down this revolt by the lower classes. . Hidalgo lost . Jose Maria Morelos took over leadership of the rebels. . By the end of 1821, the last Spanish officials withdrew from Mexico, and Mexico became independent. . Creoles joined other groups fighting for independence. . 1823: Central America separated itself from Mexico. </p><p>Brazil’s Royal Liberator . In Brazil, 8,000 creoles signed a paper asking the son of Portugal’s king to rule an independent Brazil. . He agreed! . Brazil became free in 1822 through a BLOODLESS revolt. YOUR TURN! 1. How is the division of social classes and hierarchy in Latin America similar to that in the Old Regime in France? How is it different? ______2. Which groups of society in colonial Latin America were of European ancestry? ______</p><p>3. How did Haiti become independent from France? What types of people fought? ______</p><p>4. What Enlightenment ideas was the Haitian revolution referencing? ______</p><p>5. Aside from those in Latin America, what other revolution we’ve discussed started when people felt disconnected from their European colonizers? What was the major issue there? ______</p><p>6. How were the drives for independence in Mexico and Brazil different? ______Use the time line below to take notes on when each country got its independence 1804 1816 1818 1821 1822</p><p>Haiti declares its independence from France</p>