<p>Nervous System-Guided Notes</p><p>Central Nervous System contains: ______, and ______. It has 4 chambers in the brain known as ventricles. </p><p>Brain has 4 parts: 1) ______, 2) ______, 3) ______, 4) ______.</p><p>1) Cerebral Hemispheres: </p><p>Covered by ridges called ______. Ridges are separated by grooves called ______. The hemisphere (right and left) are separated by a ______. Other shallow fissures divide each hemisphere into lobes. Lobes are name for the ______over them. Ear to ear is the central ______(sulci). Posterior to the central fissure in the ______lobe is the ______.</p><p>Anterior to the central fissure in the ______lobe is the ______. It allows us to consciously move our ______. It has the major voluntary motor tract that descends to the spinal cord and ______.</p><p>Areas in Cerebrum-Impulses for the special senses:</p><p>______= posterior occipital; ______= temporal lobe (lateral fissure); olfactory= ______.</p><p>Broca’s area: ______.</p><p>Speech Area:______.</p><p>Higher Reasoning= ______. Complex memories=______. Gray matter of cerebral hemispheres contain the ______of neurons. White matter of cerebral hemispheres is composed of fiber tracts which carry impulses ______. </p><p>Corpus callosum-very large fiber tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres and allows the ______. Basal nuclei or basal ganglia are buried within the white matter and help ______.</p><p>2) Diencephalon: Interbrain contains</p><p>______-encloses the 3rd ventricle, relay for sensory impulses. ______is the floor of the diencephalon and is the ______center. Functions include regulating temperature, water balance, and metabolism. The ______in hypothalamus is a center for many drives, including: ______. The hypothalamus also regulates the ______gland which contains mammillary bodies. </p><p>______forms the roof of the 3rd ventricle and contains the pineal body (endocrine gland). The ______forms CSF (cerebral spinal fluid).</p><p>3) Brain Stem </p><p>Midbrain extends from the ______.</p><p>______connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle. ______contains four rounded of protrusions-reflex centers for vision and hearing. ______, just below midbrain, mostly fibers tracts, controls breathing. ______, most inferior part of brain stem, merges with spinal cord. Functions of overall brain stem: heart rate, blood pressure, ______and vomiting.</p><p>4) Cerebellum: Coordinates skeletal muscle activity, controls ______.</p><p>Protection of the Brain:</p><p>1) Skull</p><p>2) ______- 3 parts</p><p>______-outside, tough layer. </p><p>______- middle, contains blood vessels</p><p>______-surface of the brain layer.</p><p>3) ______-CSF continuously formed by choroid plexus and it ______.</p><p>Problems of the brain-concussion, contusion, hemorrhage, CVA, aphasia, paralysis ______. Spinal Cord-17 inches from skull to L2. Reflex center and ______. Central canal contains ______.</p><p>Gray Matter of Spinal Cord:</p><p>______contains interneurons and sensory neurons; enter by ______. Ventral horns (anterior) contains ______, leave by the ventral root. The dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form the ______.</p><p>White Matter of Spinal Cord:</p><p>______, some run to other side of spinal cord, some run to higher centers. All tracts in the anterior and lateral cord are ______. All tracts in the posterior cord are ______. </p><p>Problems of the Spinal Cord:</p><p>Dorsal root damage- ______=parasthesis. Ventral root damage- ______= paralysis. </p><p>Peripheral Nervous System:</p><p>Contains nerves-______. A nerve is a bundle of ______found outside the CNS. Nerves are neurons bundled in ______. Nerves are named like neurons. Carry to CNS=______. Carry from CNS= ______. Carrying both sensory and motor=______.</p><p>Cranial Nerves-12 pairs</p><p>1. ______7. ______</p><p>2. ______8. ______</p><p>3. ______9. ______</p><p>4. ______10. ______</p><p>5. ______11. ______</p><p>6. ______12. ______</p><p>Spinal Nerves-31 pairs</p><p>Formed from the fusion of the______. Divides into dorsal and ventral rami. Both types of rami contain both sensory and ______. Dorsal rami are smaller and serve ______. Ventral rami of T1-12 form ______. All other ventral rami form plexuses which serve ______.</p><p>Two Divisions of the Peripheral Motor Nervous system: Somatic and Autonomic </p><p>Somatic nervous system: ______. Autonomic nervous system: involuntary, automatic. Motor control of cardiac and smooth muscle, and glands. Involves a chain of 2 motor neurons called ______.</p><p>Autonomic system has 2 arms: parasympathetic-______. Sympathetic-______. Both serve the same organ but release different ______. Parasympathetic-______fibers; sympathetic-______fibers.</p><p>Parasympathetic-Pre-ganglion and post-ganglion neurons secrete ______. Sympathetic-pre-ganglion neuron secretes ______. Post-ganglion neuron secretes ______.</p><p>Parasympathetic controls resting and digesting and maintaining homeostasis. Sympathetic increases ______. Dilation of ______. Shuts down ______system, and activates adrenal glands. </p><p>Developmental Problems</p><p>Nervous system develops in the ______of pregnancy. Viruses, drugs, alcohol and smoking can affect embryo. Birth defects include ______. Continued development</p><p>Last to form is the ______. Myelination continues through ______. Brain reaches maximum weight in the ______. New neural pathways can always ______. </p><p>Aging Problems</p><p>Sympathetic system becomes ______in the elderly. Arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure can cause ______. <5%senility at age ______. Boxers and chronic alcoholics show ______.</p><p>Reversible Senility-drug side effects, low blood pressure, depression, dehydration, and ______can cause types of senility that will improve if the initial problem is ______.</p>