Essentials of Fire Fighting (4Th Edition-FF1)-Chapter 8 Test Review

Essentials of Firefighting (4th Edition) Chapter 8-Forcible Entry FF1 Test ReviewWhat is forcible entry?. the technique used by fire department personnel to gain access to a structure whose means of access is locked, blocked, or non-existentWhat is the most important rule of forcible entry?. TRY BEFORE YOU PRYWhen properly used, forcible entry should?. produce minimal damage . provide quick access for FF'sWhen should forcible entry not be used?. when normal means of access are readily available (Unlocked Doors)What are the types of barriers that FF's encounter?. doors, walls, floors, locks, padlocks, windows, and fencesWhat ensures safe and effective forcible entry?. knowing types of tools available . practice often . know the selection of appropriate tools or sets of toolsWhat are the 4 basic categories of forcible entry tools?. cutting tools . prying tools . pushing/pulling tools . striking toolsName facts of cutting tools?. often specific to the types of materials they cut . using improper tool for the job can endanger FF's . tools may either be manual or poweredWhat are 2 types of axes used in the fire service?. pick-head and flat-head axesWhat is a pick-head axe?. 6 or 8 pound head . handle sizes vary . handles made either of wood or fiberglass . for cutting through wood, shingles, and other natural materials . pick end used to provide a starting point What is a flat head axe?. 6 or 8 pound head . wood or fiberglass handle . cuts through a variety of natural materials . can be used as a striking tool . when paired with a prying tool, it becomes a vital part of forcible entryWhat are some different hand saws?. carpenter's saw, keyhole saw, hacksaw, coping sawWhat is the key to proficiency when using hand saws?. knowing which saw to use for the job . good handsaw maintenance . practice with handsawsWhat type of saws are considered "heavy hitters" of the fire service and why?. power saws, because they are fast and efficientWhat are the different categories of power saws?. rotary (circular) saw . reciprocating saw . chain saw . ventilation sawWhat are some important rules when operating power saws?. NEVER push a saw beyond it's limits (tool failure and injury can occur) . NEVER use power saws in flammable atmospheres . ALWAYS wear eye protectionName some facts of rotary (circular) saws.. often gasoline powered . changeable blades . spin more that 6,000 rpm . large-tooth blades for quick, rough cuts . fine teeth blades for a precise cutWhy are carbide tipped blades popular?. they are less prone to dulling with heavy useWhat must FF's follow when working with power saws to maintain safety?. manufacturer's recommendations and departmental operating proceduresName some facts of reciprocating saws.. very powerful, versatile, and highly controllable . variety of blades for cutting different materials . short, straight blade that moves forward and backward to resemble handsaw movement . MAJOR DRAWBACK = most require electricity Name some facts about chain saws.. wood cutting saw . used especially in natural disasters, such as tornadoes, ice storms, and when tree limbs must be removed from roadwaysName some facts of ventilation saws.. relative newcomer to fire service . important that it is powerful enough to penetrate dense material and light enough to be handled in awkward positions . equipped with carbide-tipped chain, depth gauge, and kickback protection . cuts fast through natural materials . should NOT be used as a metal cutting sawWhat are some metal cutting devices and cutting torches?. bolt cutters . oxyacetylene torchesWhat are some uses of bolt cutters?. used to cut bolts, iron bars, pins, cables, hasps, chains, and some padlock shackles (DOES NOT CUT CASE- HARDENED LOCKS)What are some facts about of oxyacetylene torches?. operates by burning away the material to be cut . generates a flame temperature of about 5,700 degrees Fahrenheit . used for high-security devices . used by highly trained personnel . cuts through almost any materialWhat are the 2 types of prying tools?. manual and hydraulicName some manual prying tools.. crowbar, halligan-type bar, pry (pinch) bar, hux bar, claw tool, kelly tool, pry axe, and flat barName some hydraulic prying tools.. hydraulic spreaders, rams, and door openersName some facts of prying tools.. provide an advantage to FF's for opening doors, windows, locks, and moving heavy objects . hand prying tools use the basic principle of leverage to provide a mechanical advantage . leverage applied incorrectly works against the FF . if an object cannot be forced, a different tool should be selectedWhat are some facts about hydraulic prying tools?. can be either powered or manual hydraulic . powered hydraulic tools receive their power from hydraulic fluid pumped through special high-pressure hoses . manual hydraulic tools are slower and labor intensive . one person can use themWhat is directly affected by the FF's familiarity with a tool?. the efficiency in the use under emergency situationsHow far can hydraulic spreaders spread?. as much as 32 inchesHow far does a hydraulic ram spread?. 36 to 63 inchesHow does a hydraulic door opener work?. the spreader device has intermeshed teeth that can slip in between a door and the door frame . pressure exerted causes the locking mechanism to fail . used to open doors that swing inward or away from the FFWhat are some pushing/pulling tools?. standard pike pole, Clemens hook, plaster hook, drywall hook, San Fransico hook, multi-purpose hook, and roofman's hookWhat do pushing/pulling tools provide for forcible entry?. breaking glass . opening walls or ceiling . give the FF a reach advantage . remove shards of glass from a window frameWhat are some facts about pushing/pulling tools?. plaster hooks contain self contained springs that reopen once through a wall or ceiling . roofman's hooks are made of ALL METAL . pushing/pulling tools should NOT be used for prying . allows FF to keep a safe distance from falling glassWhat are some striking tools?. sledgehammer, maul, battering ram, pick, flat-head axe, mallet, hammer, punch, chiselIn most instances, how are striking tools used in forcible entry?. used in conjunction with another tool to effect entryWhat is a tool set?. combinations of tools to perform forcible entryWhat determines types of tool sets carried?. building construction, security concerns, tool availabilityWhat is the most important factor in selecting a tool? . selecting the right tool(s) for the jobWhat can help FF's determine what tools might be needed?. pre-incident surveysWhat are some rules of general tool safety?. read and follow manufacturer's guidelines and department SOP's . use extreme caution in explosive atmospheres when tools cause arcs or sparks . when tools are not in use, properly store and secure on apparatusWhat are some tool safety guidelines for prying tools?. DO NOT use cheater bars . DO NOT use a prying tool for strikingWhat are some safety guidelines for circular saws?. blades from different manufacturers may look alike but are not interchangeable . store blades in clean dry place away from hydrocarbon fuels and fumes . blades exposed to hydrocarbon fumes may disintegrate . keep blades lightly oiledName some safety rules when using power saws.. match saw to task . never push saw beyond limits . always wear PPE, gloves, and eye protection . DO NOT use in flammable atmospheres or near flammable liquids . Keep unprotected or nonessential people out of work area . Follow manufacturer's guidelines . Keep blades and chains well sharpened . Be aware of hidden hazards such as electrical wires, gas lines, and water linesState the recommended way to carry axes.. blade away from body, with pick-head axes, cover pick with free hand . NEVER carry on shoulderState the recommended way to carry prying tools.. with pointed or sharp edges away from bodyState the recommended way to carry combinations of tools.. strap together . short sections of old hose can be slipped over handles of some tools and smaller prying tools inserted into the hoseState the recommended way to carry pike poles and hooks.. head DOWN outside and UP insideState the recommended way to carry striking tools. . keep heads close to ground . maintain firm gripState the recommended way to carry power tools.. ALWAYS OFFWhat will properly maintained forcible entry tools provide?. they will function as designedWhat are the maintenance procedures for wood handles?. inspect handle for cracks, blisters, or splinters . sand handle to minimize hand injuries . wash with mild soap. DO NOT soak handle. Wood will swell . apply coat of boiled linseed oil to prevent roughness and warping . DO NOT paint or varnish the handle . Check tightness of tool head . Limit tool marking (a small stripe can be used for identification)What are the maintenance procedures for fiberglass handles?. wash with mild soap and wipe dry . check tightness of tool headWhat are the maintenance procedures for cutting edges?. inspect for nicks, tears, or metal spurs . replace cutting edges when required . file cutting edges BY HAND, grinding weakens toolWhat are the maintenance procedures for plated surfaces?. inspect for damage . wipe clean or use mild soap and waterWhat are the maintenance procedures for unprotected metal surfaces?. keep free of rust . oil metal surface lightly . AVOID using metal protectant that contains 1-1-1 trichloroethane . AVOID painting. Painting hides defects . Inspect for metal spurs, burrs, or sharp edges. File off when foundWhat are the maintenance procedures for power equipment?. read and follow manufacturer's instructions . inspect and start manually . check blades for completeness and readiness . replace worn blades . check electrical components for cuts and frays . ensure all guards functional and in place . ensure fuel is freshWhat is the primary obstacle FF's face in gaining access to a building? . locked and blocked doorsWhat does size-up of a door include?. how the door functions . how it is constructed . how it is lockedWhat are the ways in which a door functions?. swinging (either inward or outward) . sliding . revolving . overheadWhat questions does one ask when performing size-up on doors?. Which way does it swing? . Does it open in or out? . Does it slide right or left? . Does it roll up?What are some signs of the function of a door?. if you can see hinges, it swings outward (toward the FF) . if you cannot see hinges, it swings inward (away from FF) . access doors to residences usually swing inward . commercial, public assembly, and industrial doors swing outward due to building codesWhat happens if tools or techniques used in forcible entry do not work?. choose another tool or techniqueWhat happens if a door is too secure to force?. FF should find another means of entryWhat is the most common and next most common doors FF will encounter?. MOST COMMON-wood swinging door . NEXT MOST COMMON-steel swinging doorWhat are some other types of doors found?. sliding, revolving, overhead and fire doorsWhat are 3 general categories of wood swinging doors?. panel, slab, ledgeWhat category of wood swinging doors is usually found on entry doors to homes?. panel or slabWhat is a door jamb? . side of the opening into which the door fitsWhat is a rabbeted jamb?. a shoulder milled into the casing that the door closes against to form a sealWhat is a stopped jamb?. has a piece of molding added to the door frame for the door to close onName and describe 2 ways a slab door is constructed.. SOLID CORE-one single solid piece of wood on older exterior doors . HOLLOW CORE-core is made of web or grid of glued wood strips over which several layers of plywood veneer panels are gluedWhat type of slab doors are found on new construction?. mostly hollow core (cheaper and lighter than solid core)What are some fillings used on solid core doors today?. insulation, soundproofing materials, and compressed mineral material that is fire resistiveName 2 facts about the openings in slab doors?. not pierced by windows or openings . panels are purely decorative (on top of surface of door)Where are ledge doors (aka-batten doors) found?. warehouses, storerooms, barns, sheds, and other structuresWhat are ledge doors made of?. made up of built-up materials, including boards, plywood sheeting, particle board, etc.What type of locks are used on ledge doors?. surface locks, hasps, padlocks, bolts, and barsWhat types of hinges are found on ledge doors?. pin type, fastened with screws or boltsWhat are 3 types of metal swinging doors?. hollow metal, metal covered, and tubularWhat kind of door jambs are metal doors usually set in?. Metal door jambsWhat kind of door is impractical to force? . a metal door in metal frame in masonryWhat may metal doors have as the core?. solid wood . hollow and filled with fire resistive materialsWhat is the structural design of a tubular metal door?. seamless rectangular tube sectionsWhat is the operating hardware on a tubular metal door?. upper and lower arm, each connected by a concealed pointWhat are panels in tubular doors usually made of?. glassNames some facts of sliding doors?. generally attached to metal track by rollers and guidewheels . used in patio areas in residences, doors to porches or balconies, hotels, and apartments . usually have a lightweight screen on outside of glass doorWhat are the different types of glass found in sliding doors?. Thermopane-double-thickness glass . Safety Glass-tempered, heat treated to increase strength and flexibility . Some have triple pane glassWhat are pocket doors?. Sliding door that slides into a pocket in a wall or partition, sliding out of sightDescribe patio sliding glass doors.. either slide left or right of a stationary glass panel . slider door is hung from guide wheels in a metal track . usually lockable lightweight screen on outside of glass door . glass panels are heavy glass set in a metal or wood frameWhat can make patio doors difficult to force?. may be barred or blocked by a metal rod or special device from the inside (aka-burglar blocks)What is a revolving door?. glass door panels, called quadrants, that revolve around a center shaftWhat is fitted on the ends of revolving door panels?. large rubber weather-stripping to insulate the openingWhich of the revolving door types are easiest to force? . NONE, usually the swinging door next to the revolving doors is the best accessWhat kind of mechanism is found on all revolving doors?. one that allows them to collapse in an emergencyWhat are the 3 types of revolving doors?. panic proof, drop arm, and metal bracedWhat type of mechanism does a panic-proof type of revolving door have?. mechanism has a 1/4-inch (6mm) cable holding the door quadrants apart . mechanism triggered by forcing the panels in opposite directionsWhat type of mechanism does a drop-arm type of revolving door have?. mechanism has a solid arm passing through one of the quadrants . a pawl (lock) is located on the quadrant the arm passes through . to collapse, press pawl then push quadrant to the sideWhat type of mechanism does a metal brace type of revolving door have?. mechanism resembles gate hook and eye assembly . to collapse, lift hook and fasten it back against the fixed quadrant. Hooks are located on both sides of the quadrant . pivots are cast iron and easily brokenHow are overhead doors constructed?. of wood, metal, or fiberglassWhat are the classifications of overhead doors?. sectional (folding), rolling steel, and slabName some facts about sectional (folding) overhead doors.. not difficult to force unless motor-driven or remotely controlled . latch mechanism usually located in center of doorWhat is a side lock?. locking mechanism located on one side of doorWhat is a side lock and hatch?. latch located in center of door and lock located on one side of doorHow can sectional doors be forced?. by prying upward at the bottom of the door . less damage will be done of panel is removed and lock is operated from insideWhat are awning doors? . pivoting or overhead slab doorsWhat specific problem does forcing a slab door present?. door tilts outward from the bottom and a car may prevent it from opening fullyWhat is a way of prying open a slab door?. using a pry tool at each side near the bottomWhat kind of door is among the toughest forcible entry challenges to FF's?. rolling steel doorsHow are rolling steel doors operated?. manually, mechanically, or motor-drivenIf a rolling steel door is motor or gear driven, how must it be opened?. by pulling the manual release chainWhat is important for FF to do once an overhead door is open?. block it open in the up positionWhat does a fire door assembly include?. door, frame, and associated hardwareWhat are some types of standard fire doors?. horizontal and vertical sliding, single and double swinging, and overhead rollingWhere are counterbalanced doors found?. doors that are generally employed on openings to freight elevatorsWhat are the 2 types of fire doors?. SELF-CLOSING-returns to the closed position on its own . AUTOMATIC CLOSING-normally remain open unless activated by an alarm systemWhat types of fire doors close automatically?. vertical sliding, overhead rolling, horizontal slidingWhy must FF's block open fire doors?. they can cut off water supply and trap FF'sWhat are the 4 basic types of locks?. mortise lock, bored (cylindrical) lock, rim lock, and padlock Where are mortised locks found?. on private residences, commercial buildings, and industrial buildingsWhat does a mortise lock consist of?. a latch mechanism and an opening device (lock not in opening device)What is the most common type of lock?. bored (cylidrical) lock . aka-key in knob lockHow long is the latch bolt in bored locks that holds the door closed?. usually about 3/4-inch which makes them easy to pry openWhat is a rim lock?. an interlocking dead-bolt that is usually surface mountedWhat is a padlock?. portable or detachable locking devices . regular padlocks have shackles of 1/4 inch or less and are NOT case hardened . heavy-duty padlocks are case hardened and have shackles of more than 1/4 inchOn heavy duty padlocks, how must they be cut?. both side of the shackle must be cut because one side only will not pivotWhat is the non-destructive rapid-entry method of gaining access?. a rapid-entry key box system . holds a set of keys to the buildingWhat is the major problem posed by rapid-entry key box systems?. maintaining an inventory of keys for entryWho is responsible for maintaining key box systems?. the property owner . the fire department indicates the desired location of the boxes . keys may not be duplicated, locksmiths do not carry the molds for duplicate keysWhat is conventional forcible entry?. the use of standard fire department tools to open doors and windows to gain accessWhat is the best tool combination to force entry with?. the 8 pound flat head axe and Halligan type toolWhat must FF's do when breaking glass to make entry? . have a charged hoseline if fire is present in building . watch out for flying glass . wear full PPE . try to minimize damageHow must inward swinging doors be forced?. one or two FF's usually pry the locking mechanism away from keeperWhat is the best way to force a outward swinging door?. pry the lock bolt away from the keeperWhat are some doors that need additional forcing measures to open?. double swinging doors, doors with drop bars, and tempered plate glass doorsWhat is a common problem encountered in double swinging doors?. molding over the middle of the doors must be removed first to pry the bolt away from the keeperHow can doors with drop bars be opened?. insert small narrow tool in space between doors and lift bar out of stirrup . cut a triangular hole just below the bar and reach in an remove bar . insert blade of rotary power saw and cut barWhere might tempered glass doors be encountered?. in commercial stores, light industry, and institutional occupanciesHow should tempered glass be broken?. place shield over door, turn away from door and strike at bottom corner with pick-head axe What is the preferred method of entry for commercial, residential security, padlocks and high-security doors?. through the lock methodWhen should through the lock method be used?. when conventional methods have failedHow can the locks on commercial buildings be removed?. usually by unscrewing cylinderWhat is the K-tool useful for?. for pulling lock cylinders (rim, mortise, or tubular) . used with a Halligan type bar or other prying toolHow much clearance is needed to use a K-tool?. 1/2 inch What must be used after removing a lock cylinder to open the door?. a key tool to manipulate the locking mechanismWhat is the A-tool used for?. used with a striking tool to remove a cylinder lock or door knob with a lockWhat is the function of a J-tool?. wire type device that fits through space between double swinging doors equipped with panic hardware . used to manipulate the panic bar to open the doorWhat does a shove knife do?. provides rapid access to outward swinging doors by sliding latch past keeper (like a credit card)What are some tools used to break padlocks?. duck-billed lock breaker . hammerhead pick . locking pliers and chain . hockey puck lock breaker . bam-bam toolWhen will conventional methods of forcing padlocks not work?. when shackles exceed 1/4 inch and are case-hardenedWhat is a duck-billed lock breaker?. wedge shaped tool that widens and breaks shacklesWhat is a bam-bam tool?. used to drill a case hardened screw into lock cylinder and pull it outWhen will the bam-bam tool not work?. on Master Locks, American Locks, and other high-quality locksWhat must be done to cut a padlock with a power saw?. the lock must be secured with locking pliers and chainWhat are fences made of?. wood, masonry, woven wire, or metal . may be topped with razor wire or barb wireWhere should wire fences be cut?. with bolt cutters as near posts as possible . or by removing boards . ladders may also be used to get over fences (masonry or other types) What can breaking the wrong window do?. can increase the intensity of the fireWhat hazards can breaking glass produce?. flying glass, difficulty advancing hose, glass showering onto victimsWhat are the different types of windows?. double-hung (checkrail) normal in residences . hinged (casement) . projected (factory) . jalousie (awning) . high-securityWhat are replacement windows?. newer double-hung windows that tilt in for cleaningWhat kind of glass do double hung windows contain?. single, double, or triple pane . Thermopane . Wire glass . Or Plexiglas or LexanHow are double-hung windows secured?. usually by thumb locking devices between sashesWhat tool should be used for glass removal when possible and why?. an 8-10 foot pike pole to avoid glass shardsWhat are casement windows?. hinged windows constructed of wood or metal that often cranks out . swing outward from structure . extremely difficult to force . locked with simple thumb type lockWhat is the most practical way to force a casement window?. break the lowest pane of glass and clean edges . force or cut screen in same area . reach in and upward to unlock latch . operate cranks or levers to open . completely remove screen and enterWhat are projected windows?. often found on factories and industrial occupancies . forcing accomplished similar to casement windowsWhat is the best method of forcing entry on projected windows? . find another entry point!! . FF's should not enter through unless absolutely necessaryWhat do awning and jalousie windows consist of?. large sections of glass about 1 foot wide and run the length of the window . constructed of a metal or wood frame and usually have double strength glassWhat are the most difficult of all windows to force?. awning and jalousie windowsShould jalousie or awning windows be used for entry?. NO, it is impracticalWhat are some characteristics of high-security Lexan windows?. Lexan is 250 times stronger than safety glass . Lexan is 30 times stronger than acrylic . It is classified as self-extinguishingHow should Lexan be cut?. with a rotary saw using a carbide tipped medium toothed blade (approximately 40 teeth) . large tooth blades skip off surface . fine tooth blades melt into LexanHow can Lexan be shattered?. by discharging a CO2 extinguisher onto the window, causung it to freeze and be able to be shatteredHow should mesh or wire guards be forced off windows?. They should NOT. Too time consumingHow can burglar bars be forced?. shear off bolt heads . cut the bar assembly with rotary power saw and appropriate blade . cut with oxyacetylene torchWhat is breaching?. gaining access through a wallWhat are some safety considerations when breaching a wall?. electrical wires, plumbing, gas lines . load bearing wallsHow can entry be made in a partition?. select location . check wall for electrical components . have right tools available . sound wall to locate studs . cut along studs to make large opening . remove one stud from center of breachHow can brick or concrete walls be breached?. by using battering rams . rams require 2-4 FF's to operateWhat tools provide the best methods for breaching masonry walls?. air chisels, hydraulic spreaders, and rotary saws with masonry bladesWhat type of hole should be cut in masonry walls?. triangular shape or diamond shapeWhen must walls be breached?. ONLY AS A LAST RESORTWhat is the best tool for opening metal walls?. a metal cutting power sawWhat are the 2 main types of floor construction?. wood or concreteWhat is the usual spacing of wood joists?. 16 inches apartHow is the subfloor usually constructed?. boards laid diagonal to joists and finished floor at right anglesWhat tool offers the best results in cutting wood floors?. power saw with wood cutting bladeWhat is the best way to open a concrete floor?. compressed-air or electric jackhammerWhat is a nozzle that may be used through concrete floors?. a piercing nozzle (considered a forcible entry tool)

Essentials of Fire Fighting (4Th Edition-FF1)-Chapter 8 Test Review

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