<p>1 Supplementary tables (4) and figures (1)</p><p>2</p><p>3Table S1 Two-way MANOVA and ANOVAs showing the effects of adults (aboveground) </p><p>4and/or larvae (belowground) of a specialist flea beetle Bikasha collaris on tannins in leaves</p><p>5and roots of Triadica sebifera. We used Wilks’ lamda to assess significance of predictors in </p><p>6 the MANOVA. Significant results are shown in bold.</p><p>7</p><p>Adults [AG] Larvae [BG] Adults × Larvae Tissue Compoun df F P F P F P</p><p> d MANOVA 8, 48.88 <0.000 58.89 <0.0001 48.33 <0.0001</p><p>13 1 Leaves Gallic acid 1, 31.57 <0.000 0.23 0.6372 0.06 0.8034</p><p>20 1 Catechin 1, 40.92 <0.000 7.84 0.0111 0.24 0.6264</p><p>20 1 Tannic 1, 51.55 <0.000 7.70 0.0117 0.001 0.9689</p><p> acid 20 1 Ellagic 1, 30.06 <0.000 11.80 0.0026 0.68 0.4180</p><p> acid 20 1 Roots Gallic acid 1, 27.59 <0.000 12.25 0.0023 19.96 0.0002</p><p>20 1 Catechin 1, 132.5 <0.000 105.6 <0.0001 132.9 <0.0001</p><p>20 6 1 2 9 Tannic 1, 193.7 <0.000 114.6 <0.0001 135.7 <0.0001</p><p> acid 20 6 1 3 0 Ellagic 1, 9.69 0.0055 0.33 0.5739 2.67 0.1179</p><p>1 1 2 acid 20</p><p>3 2 4 8Table S2 Two-way MANOVA and ANOVAs showing the effects of adults (aboveground) </p><p>9 and/or larvae (belowground) of a specialist flea beetle Bikasha collaris on flavonoids in </p><p>10leaves and roots of Triadica sebifera. We used Wilks’ lamda to assess significance of </p><p>11predictors in the MANOVA. Significant results are shown in bold.</p><p>12</p><p>Adults [AG] Larvae [BG] Adults ×</p><p>Larvae Tissue Compound df F P F P F P MANOVA 10,1 6.2 0.00 5.40 0.0051 6.14 0.003</p><p>1 2 28 0 Leaves Quercetin 1,20 6.0 0.02 5.19 0.0339 1.98 0.174</p><p>Glycoside 9 27 9 Iso-Quercitrin 1,20 0.55 0.46 17.41 0.0005 4.32 0.050</p><p>69 7 Quercetin 1,20 0.00 0.96 3.19 0.0893 1.34 0.261</p><p>1 14 0 Kaempferitrin 1,20 19. 0.00 3.15 0.0913 3.23 0.087</p><p>56 03 5 Kaempferol 1,20 7.3 0.01 50.00 <0.000 0.00 0.968</p><p>0 37 1 1 2 Roots Quercetin 1,20 4.6 0.04 0.09 0.7612 11.0 0.003</p><p>Glycoside 3 37 1 4 Iso-Quercitrin 1,20 3.07 0.09 5.75 0.0263 1.42 0.247</p><p>53 6 Quercetin 1,20 8.4 0.00 0.52 0.4806 0.26 0.614</p><p>6 87 5 Kaempferitrin 1,20 2.34 0.14 0.04 0.8404 0.31 0.580</p><p>5 3 6 15 9 Kaempferol 1,20 4.26 0.05 0.41 0.5276 8.59 0.008</p><p>22 3</p><p>7 4 8 13Table S3 Two-way ANOVAs showing the effects of adults (aboveground) and/or larvae </p><p>14 (belowground) of a specialist flea beetle Bikasha collaris on tannins, flavonoids, carbon </p><p>15 and nitrogen in stems of Triadica sebifera. Significant results are shown in bold.</p><p>16</p><p>Adults [AG] Larvae [BG] Adults ×</p><p>Larvae Compound df F P F P F P Tannins Gallic acid 1,2 9.72 0.005 3.4 0.0765 5.97 0.024</p><p>0 4 9 0 Catechin 1,2 0.65 0.429 1.2 0.2819 5.28 0.032</p><p>0 2 2 5 Tannic acid 1,2 10.5 0.004 17. 0.0005 16.9 0.000</p><p>0 4 0 45 8 5 Ellagic acid 1,2 0.00 0.953 0.4 0.5189 1.40 0.250</p><p>0 3 3 2 Total tannins 1,2 5.03 0.036 9.0 0.0068 13.4 0.001</p><p>0 3 9 3 5 Flavonoids Quercetin 1,2 0.05 0.820 0.1 0.6694 7.65 0.011</p><p>Glycoside 0 0 9 9 Iso-Quercitrin 1,2 1.32 0.264 1.9 0.1808 0.23 0.638</p><p>0 5 2 3 Quercetin 1,2 0.26 0.619 1.3 0.2606 0.41 0.531</p><p>0 0 4 6 Kaempferitrin 1,2 0.00 0.952 0.0 0.8751 0.57 0.458</p><p>0 1 3 8 Kaempferol 1,2 3.15 0.091 1.6 0.2201 0.04 0.846</p><p>0 4 0 3 Total flavonoids 1,2 1.98 0.174 1.4 0.2449 1.52 0.231</p><p>9 5 10 0 3 4 9 Carbon 1,2 40.1 <0.00 28. <0.000 31.9 <0.00</p><p>0 3 01 17 1 3 01 Nitrogen 1,2 0.08 0.785 0.8 0.3559 3.88 0.062</p><p>0 7 9 9 </p><p>11 6 12 17Table S4 Three-way repeated ANOVAs showing the effects of adults (aboveground) and/or </p><p>18 larvae (belowground) of a specialist flea beetle Bikasha collaris on tannins and flavonoids </p><p>19 in leaves versus roots (organ) of Triadica sebifera. Significant results are shown in bold.</p><p>20</p><p>Tannins Flavonoids Factor df F P F P Larvae [BG] 1,10 47.33 <0.0001 21.53 0.0009 Adults [AG] 1,10 14.03 0.0038 12.30 0.0057 Organ 1,10 30.37 0.0003 79.24 <0.0001 Larvae × Adults 1,10 17.04 0.0021 0.24 0.6334 Larvae × Organ 1,10 0.72 0.4160 19.47 0.0013 Adult × Organ 1,10 157.81 <0.0001 16.36 0.0023 Larvae × Adults × Organ 1,10 19.62 0.0013 1.95 0.1931 21</p><p>13 7 14 22Fig. S1 The effects of adults (aboveground) and/or larvae (belowground) of a </p><p>23specialist flea beetle Bikasha collaris on secondary chemistry (A-D, tannins; E-I, </p><p>24flavonoids) in leaves, stems, and roots of Triadica sebifera. (A) gallic acid, (B) </p><p>25catechin, (C) tannic acid, (D) ellagic acid, (E) quercetin-glycoside, (F) iso-quercitrin, </p><p>26(G) quercetin, (H) kaempferitrin, and (I) kaempferol. Values are means + 1 SE. </p><p>27Herbivory treatment: N = None (no herbivores); A = Adults [AG]; L = Larvae [BG]; B = </p><p>28Both [AG&BG]. </p><p>29</p><p>0.035 A 0.7 B 4 C ) ) ) W</p><p>W 0.030 0.6 W D D</p><p>D</p><p> g</p><p> g 3 0.025 g 0.5 m m m 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.020 0.4 / 1 / / g g</p><p> g 2 m m ( m ( 0.015 </p><p>( 0.3</p><p> d d i i n i c c h a a 0.010 0.2 c</p><p> c 1 c e i i t l n l a n a 0.005 0.1 C a</p><p>G T 0.000 0.0 0 N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B Leaf Stem Root Leaf Stem Root Leaf Stem Root</p><p>0.16 ) 0.7 0.7</p><p>D E ) F W ) D W</p><p>W 0.14 D 0.6 g 0.6</p><p>D</p><p> g m g 0</p><p>0.12 m 0</p><p> m 0.5</p><p>0.5 0 1 0 0 / 0 1 0.10 g / 1 /</p><p> g 0.4</p><p> m 0.4 g (</p><p>0.08 m ( m e</p><p>( d</p><p> n i 0.3 0.3 i d s r i</p><p>0.06 t i o c c c a r</p><p> y 0.2 0.2 l e c</p><p> i 0.04 u G g - Q a n l - 0.1 i 0.1 l</p><p>0.02 t o E e s</p><p>I c 0.00 r 0.0 0.0 e</p><p>N A L B N A L B N A L B u N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B Q Leaf Stem Root Leaf Stem Root Leaf Stem Root</p><p>0.16 G 0.5 H 0.10 I ) ) ) W</p><p>0.14 W D W</p><p>D</p><p>D g 0.4 0.08</p><p>0.12 g g m m 0 m 0 0 0 0</p><p>0.10 1 0 /</p><p>0.3 1 0.06 / 1 g / g g 0.08 m ( m</p><p>( m</p><p>( n l i 0.2 0.04 r 0.06 o n t r i i t r e f e e f c 0.04 p r p m e 0.1 0.02 m e u e</p><p>0.02 a Q a K K 0.00 0.0 0.00 N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B N A L B 30 Leaf Stem Root Leaf Stem Root Leaf Stem Root</p><p>15 8 16</p>