<p> Guided Notes: Chapter 16 sections 5-11</p><p>Name: ______date: ______</p><p>1. For the generic acid, HA, what is the equilibrium expression?</p><p>2. Write out the equilibrium reaction with water, label the conjugate acid/base pairs, then look up their Ka values on p. 682</p><p> a. Hydrofluoric Acid:</p><p>Ka = ______</p><p> b. Phenol:</p><p>Ka = ______</p><p>3. Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of HCN (sample exercise 16.12). SHOW ALL WORK!! 4. What percent of the original value of the concentration of acid may x be in order to be negligible? Less than ______%.</p><p>5. What is the formula for a generic acid, HA for % ionization?</p><p>6. What happens to the % ionization of a weak acid as you increase the concentration of the acid?</p><p>7. Calculate the percentage of HF molecules ionized in a 0.10M solution vs a 0.010M solution. See sample exercise 16.13. SHOW ALL WORK.</p><p>Chapter 16 sections 7-11</p><p>8. What is the pH of a 0.15M solution of ammonia? Show all work.</p><p>9. A solution made by adding solid sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) to enough water to make 2.00 L of solution has a pH of 10.50. Using the information in Equation 16.37, calculate the number of moles of NaClO that were added to the water. Show all work! 10. What is the relationship between Ka and Kb for ALL acids and bases?</p><p>11. Many salt ions react with water to produce OH- or H+ ions. What is this process called? ______</p><p>12. In each example, highlight the ion that is the problem, then show the hydrolysis reaction it will undergo when in the presence of water and determine if the solution is acidic or basic.</p><p>13. NaClO</p><p>14. NH4Cl</p><p>15. Ba(C2H3O2)2 16. Mg(NO3)2</p><p>17. Sometimes salts contain 2 ions that are “weak.” NH4F is one example. Look up the Ka and Kb </p><p> values for NiCO3 and SHOW both hydrolysis reactions that will occur, then determine if the solution is acid or basic.</p><p>18. What are the 3 main factors that determine acid strength?</p><p>19. Which of the following is the strongest acid and why? HOCl, HOClO, HOClOO, HOClOOO </p><p>20. What are the 2 main factors that determine whether or not a metal ion dissolved in water will turn the solution acidic?</p><p>21. Which ion will make a solution more acidic: Aluminum or Calcium? WHY?</p><p>Extra credit: </p><p>A 0.020M solution of niacin has a pH of 3.26. What is the acid-dissociation constant, Ka, for niacin? SHOW ALL WORK for credit.</p>