<p> Name: ______Period: ______Chapter 4 Cells Section 4-1 Introduction to the Cell</p><p>1. Who was the first person to use a simple microscope and view microscopic organisms?</p><p>2. What English scientist was first to view dead plant cells?</p><p>3. State the 3 parts to the cell theory.</p><p>4. Give 3 ways that cells are not alike.</p><p>5. What is one of the longest animal cells?</p><p>6. Explain why cells are limited in how large they can grow.</p><p>7. The shape of a cell reflects its ______. Give an example of this.</p><p>8. Define organelle & tell what they do for a cell.</p><p>9. What surrounds the outside of all cells?</p><p>10. Where is the nucleus of a cell & what does it do?</p><p>11. What two characteristics do all eukaryotes share?</p><p>12. What type of cell is a bacterium?</p><p>13. Where is the genetic information (chromosome) of a bacterium found?</p><p>14. What are prokaryotes & are they in the same kingdom as eukaryotes?</p><p>Section 4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell</p><p>15. Why can cells not survive if they are totally isolated from their environment?</p><p>16. What controls what enters or leaves a cell? 17. Describe the phospholipid make up of cell membranes.</p><p>18. Cells are bathed in an aqueous environment. What does this mean?</p><p>19. What is the purpose of the carbohydrate tails attached to some integral proteins?</p><p>20. Do all integral proteins look alike? Explain.</p><p>21. Explain the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.</p><p>22. In what part of a cell are organelles found?</p><p>23. What is cytosol & what does it contain?</p><p>24. Name 3 organelles found in plant, but not animal cells. (See bottom of table 4-2)</p><p>25. What is the function of mitochondria? What energy molecule is made there?</p><p>26. Why do liver & muscle cells have more mitochondria than other types of cells?</p><p>27. Describe the outer covering of the mitochondria.</p><p>28. What are cristae & what is their purpose?</p><p>29. Mitochondria are able to reproduce inside cells because they have their own ______.</p><p>30. What organelles are the most numerous inside cells?</p><p>31. What two things make up ribosomes & are ribosomes surrounded by membrane like other organelles?</p><p>32. Ribosomes are made inside the ______of a cell.</p><p>33. Ribosomes may remain unattached or ______in cytosol or attach to what other organelle’s </p><p> surface?</p><p>34. What organic compounds to ribosomes synthesize or make?</p><p>35. What does ER stand for & what is the ER in a cell? 36. What is the ER’s function?</p><p>37. What is on the surface of rough ER?</p><p>38. Rough ER synthesizes large amounts of ______for cells.</p><p>39. Give 3 functions of smooth ER.</p><p>40. What is the Golgi apparatus?</p><p>41. Golgi is a system of ______or flattened ______.</p><p>42. How does the Golgi work with the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell?</p><p>43. What are lysosomes & what do they do?</p><p>44. In what type of cells are lysosomes common? In what type of cell are they rare?</p><p>45. Where is the cytoskeleton & what is its function?</p><p>46. What are the two major components of the cytoskeleton?</p><p>47. How do microfilaments & microtubules differ from each other?</p><p>48. What are spindle fibers & what are they made of?</p><p>49. What protein makes up microfilaments?</p><p>50. Compare cilia & flagella.</p><p>51. What is the purpose of the nuclear matrix?</p><p>52. What double membrane surrounds the nucleus?</p><p>53. Where is chromatin found & what 2 things is it made of?</p><p>54. When a cell is ready to divide, chromatin condenses & coils into ______. 55. What is the purpose of DNA inside the nucleus?</p><p>56. How do nuclear pores help RNA?</p><p>57. Where is the nucleolus found and what is made there?</p><p>58. Where is the cell wall in plants found, what is its function, and what is it made of?</p><p>59. What are the 2 types of cell walls in plants?</p><p>60. What is found inside plant vacuoles?</p><p>61. What takes up much of the volume of plant cells? What happens to the other organelles?</p><p>62. How are plastids similar to mitochondria?</p><p>63. What is found inside of plastids?</p><p>64. Name the most familiar plastid & tell its function.</p><p>65. What are thylakoids?</p><p>Section 4-3 Multicellular Organization</p><p>66. Cells are organized into ______. Give an example.</p><p>67. What is an organ & give an example?</p><p>68. What forms organ systems?</p><p>69. The digestive system is an organ system. Name the organs that make up this system.</p><p>70. All the systems working together make up an ______such as a plant or animal.</p>