<p>Electronic Supplementary Material Title </p><p>Recent expansion led to the lack of genetic structure of Sargassum aquifolium populations in Southeast Asia</p><p>Chan SW1, Cheang CC1, Yeung, CW1, Chirapart A2, Gerung G3, Ang, P.1</p><p>1Marine Science Laboratory, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China Emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],, Tel no. 852-3943-6770, Fax no. 852-2603-5391 2Algal Bioresources Research Center, Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand Email: [email protected], Tel no. 662-942-8701, Fax no. 662-940-5016 3Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115, Indonesia Email: [email protected], Tel no. 62-431-825313, Fax no. 62-431- 845508</p><p>Corresponding email: [email protected], Tel no. 852-3943-6133, Fax no. 852-2603-5391 Table S1 Pairwise ΦST among populations of Sargassum aquifolium based on ITS2. Site BC CC FI MB NC NT OB PC PD PG PR PS RE SA SE SO TB TE TPT VA WJ BC CC 0.000 FI 0.000 0.000 MB 0.233 0.370 0.040 NC 0.572 0.661 0.460 0.516 NT 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.244 OB 0.892 0.921 0.856 0.564 0.744 0.818 PC 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.401 0.000 0.842 PD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.401 0.000 0.842 0.000 PG 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.494 0.740 0.000 0.944 0.000 0.000 PR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.161 0.526 0.000 0.877 0.000 0.000 0.000 PS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.351 0.649 0.000 0.918 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 RE 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.244 0.000 0.818 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 SA 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.040 0.460 0.000 0.856 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 SE 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.310 0.622 0.000 0.909 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 SO 0.000 0.064 0.000 0.166 0.552 0.000 0.819 0.000 0.000 0.141 0.000 0.054 0.000 0.000 0.029 TB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.515 0.752 0.000 0.947 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.156 TE 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.370 0.661 0.000 0.921 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.064 0.000 SI 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.244 0.000 0.818 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 VA 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.401 0.000 0.842 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 WJ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.161 0.526 0.000 0.877 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 </p><p>Abbreviations for sites are given in Table 1. ΦST with p<0.05 are in bold.</p><p>Table S2 Pairwise ΦST among populations of Sargassum aquifolium based on Rbc spacer. Site WJ VA TE TB SO SE SA PS PR PG PC OB NC MB FI CC BC WJ VA 0.000 TE 0.000 0.000 TB 0.000 0.000 0.040 SO 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 SE 0.000 0.000 0.039 0.420 0.000 SA 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 PS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.245 0.000 PR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 PG 0.000 0.000 0.049 0.000 0.000 0.447 0.000 0.000 0.000 PC 1.000 1.000 0.752 1.000 1.000 0.711 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 OB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.245 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 NC 0.860 0.815 0.767 0.948 0.815 0.747 0.815 0.916 0.771 0.952 0.899 0.916 MB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.771 FI 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.841 0.000 CC 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.245 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.916 0.000 0.000 BC 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.111 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.886 0.000 0.000 0.000 </p><p>Abbreviations for sites are given in Table 1. ΦST with p<0.05 are in bold. Figure Captions</p><p>Fig. S1 Phylogenetic tree inferred from ITS2 using Sargassum ilicifolium as outgroup. Posterior probabilities of Bayesian Inference and boostrap values of </p><p>Maximum likelihood are shown.</p><p>Fig. S2 Phylogenetic tree inferred from Rbc spacer using Sargassum ilicifolium as outgroup. Posterior probabilities of Bayesian Inference and boostrap values of </p><p>Maximum likelihood are shown.</p><p>Fig. S3 Phylogenetic tree inferred from Cox3 using Sargassum ilicifolium as outgroup. Posterior probabilities of Bayesian Inference and boostrap values of </p><p>Maximum likelihood are shown.</p>