<p>COMS 1 – Public Speaking Professor Leach Chapter 12 Outline Using words well</p><p>I. Oral language style differs in three major ways from written language style.</p><p>A. Oral style is ______</p><p>B. Oral style is ______</p><p>C. Oral style is ______</p><p>II. Speakers are challenged to use words effectively, specifically by use of four language techniques. A. Use ______rather than ______words (e.g., “ball python” instead of “snake”).</p><p>B. Use ______rather than ______words (e.g., “fire and ashes” instead of “aftermath”).</p><p>C. Use ______words.</p><p>1. The best language is often the ______language.</p><p>2. (Person) ______lists words rules for utilizing simple words.</p><p>D. Use words correctly. 1. A public speech is not the time to demonstrate your ______with English vocabulary and grammar.</p><p>2. Be constantly aware that meaning in language has two dimensions:</p><p>______and ______; choose words carefully, especially with diverse audiences.</p><p>III. Effective speakers ______their language to diverse listeners.</p><p>A. Use language that your audience ______.</p><p>1. Use the ______of English that fits your audience best.</p><p>2. If the audience is diverse, use ______.</p><p>B. Use appropriate and unbiased language (avoid ______and ______terms).</p><p>IV. Effective speakers craft ______.</p><p>A. Memorable language creates ______, by means of two figures of speech.</p><p>1. ______and ______create vivid comparisons.</p><p> a. ______imply comparison, as in Jaime Escalante’s “Education is the vaccine for violence.”</p><p>Write a sample here ______</p><p> b. ______are more overt comparisons, as in Pope John Paul III’s description of the Bosnian war as “. . .the shipwreck of the whole of Europe.”</p><p>Write a sample here______</p><p>2. ______is the attribution of human qualities to inanimate things or ideas (Franklin D. Roosevelt: “Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep.”) Write a sample here ______</p><p>B. Memorable language creates ______, using, among others, four techniques.</p><p>1. Use a ______to express a vitally important thought (Lincoln: “And the war came”).</p><p>2. Use ______, leaving out a word or phrase the audience expects to see (World War II: “Sighted sub--sank same”).</p><p>3. ______, called inversion (Russian president Boris Yeltsin at the reintombment of Czar Nicholas II: “Guilty are those who committed this heinous crime”).</p><p>4. At times, keep listeners “guessing,” called ______(“What manner of men are these?”).</p><p>C. Memorable language occasionally creates ______through use of four language techniques. 1. ______- Defined - </p><p>2. In language style ______Defined - a. Franklin Roosevelt: “Our true destiny is not be ministered unto, but to minister to ourselves and to our fellow men.”</p><p> b. John F. Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”</p><p>3. ______of a key word or phrase gives rhythm, power, and memorability to your message.</p><p>4. ______is the ______(usually an initial consonant) several times in a phrase, clause, or sentence. a. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural: “Discipline and Direction.”</p><p> b. Winston Churchill, Address to the (U.S.) Congress: “virility, valor, and civic virtue.”</p><p>V. The Speaker’s Homepage provides additional examples of memorable language style, including an observation that John F. Kennedy’s “Ask Not. . .” quotation uses all the stylistic devices of this textbook chapter.</p><p>VI. Consider four tips for using memorable language effectively.</p><p>A. Do not ______.</p><p>B. Save use of stylistic devices for ______</p><p>______.</p><p>C. ______are more forceful than ______(Sit! March! Stop!).</p><p>D. Recast too-long sentences as ______or ______.</p>