Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series Volume 15 | Number 1 Article 1 8-1971 Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands Noboru Yamaguti Department of Parasitology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo, Japan Vernon J. Tipton Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Hugh L. Keegan Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi Seiichi Toshioka Department of Entomology, 406th Medical Laboratory, U.S. Army Medical Command, APO San Francisco, 96343, USA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib Part of the Anatomy Commons, Botany Commons, Physiology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Yamaguti, Noboru; Tipton, Vernon J.; Keegan, Hugh L.; and Toshioka, Seiichi (1971) "Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands," Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series: Vol. 15 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib/vol15/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. MUS. CO MP. zooi_: c~- LIBRARY OCT 2 9 1971 HARVARD Brigham Young University UNIVERSITY Science Bulletin TICKS Of JAPAN, KOREA, AND THE RYUKYU ISLANDS by Noboru Yamaguti Vernon J. Tipton Hugh L. Keegan Seiichi Toshioka BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME XV, NUMBER 1 AUGUST 1971 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN BIOLOGICAL SERIES Editor: Stanley L. Welsh, Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Prove, Utah Members of the Editorial Board: Vernon J. Tipton, Zoology Ferron L. Anderson. Zoology Joseph R. Murdock, Botany Wilmer W. Tanner, Zoology Ex officio Members: A. Lester Allen, Dean, College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences Ernest L. Olson, Chairman, University Publications The Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, publishes acceptable papers, particularly large manuscripts, on all phases of biology. Separate numbers and back volumes can be purchased from Publication Sales, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. All remittances should be made payable to Brigliam Young University. Orders and materials for library exchange should be directed to the Division of Gifts and Exchange, Brigham Young University Library, Provo, Utah 84601. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin TICKS OF JAPAN, KOREA, AND THE RYUKYU ISLANDS by Noboru Yamaguti Vernon J. Tipton Hugh L. Keegan Seiichi Toshioka BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME XV, NUMBER 1 AUGUST 1971 Financial support for Volume 15, Number 1 was furnished by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command under Grant No. DADA 1 7-71 -G-9 340. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 A MAP SHOW INC GEOCRAPHICAL LOCATION OF JAPAN, KOREA, AND THE RVUKYU ISLANDS (Fig. 1) 3 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF TICKS (Figs. 2-4) 4 ILLl'STRATED KEY TO THE GENERA OF TICKS OF JAPAN, KOREA AND THE RYUKYU ISLANDS (Fig. 5) 7 FAMILY ARC:ASIDAE 2 Ke\ to the .species of the hunily .\rgasidae 2 Genus Arg(;.« 8 Argas japoniciis Yamaguti Clifford, and Tipton, 1968 8 Argas vespcrtilionis ( Latreille, 1802) 11 GeniLs OrnithodoTOs 15 Ornithodoros capetuis Neumann, 1901 15 FAMILY IXODIDAE 18 Genius Amblyomma 18 Kev to the species of the genu.s AnMijomma 18 Amhhjommn geocmydae ( Cantor, 1847 ) 18 Amhlyommti tiitidum Hirst and Hirst. 1910 23 Ambhjoninui testudinarium C. L. Koch, 1844 25 Genus Boophilus 30 Boophihis microplus ( Canestrini. 1888 ) 30 Genui Dcrviuccntor 36 Genus Haemaphysalis 42 Kev to the species of the genus Haemaphysalts 42 Hacmaphys(dis camptinuhita \\'arburton, 1908 43 Haemaphysali-s conciniui C. L. Koch. 1844 49 Haemaphysalis sp. {H. cornigera group) 54 Haemaphyscilis doenitzi Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 59 Haemaplu/sulis fUiva Neumann, 1897 59 Hacmaphi/S(dis formoscmis Neumann, 1913 68 Haernapliysalis fujls:imi Kitaoka, 1970 68 Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 77 Hacmaphi/salis jajioidca \Varburton, 1908 83 Hacmaptu/salis kitaokai Hoogstraal, 1969 87 Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901 94 Haemaphysalis megaspinosa Saito. 1969 100 Haemaphysalis pental-igi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935 105 Haem'.iphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall and Warburton. 1908 110 Genus Ixodes 112 Key to the species of the genus Ixodes 112 Ixodes acutitarsus Karsch, 1880 113 Ixodes angustus Neumann, 1899 115 Ixodes gramdalus Supino, 1897 119 Ixodes lividus C. L. Koch, 1844 124 Ixodes motws])itiosiis Saito, 1967 129 Ixodes nipjioiiensis Kitaoka and Saito, 1967 129 Ixodes oiatus Neumann, 1899 135 Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 19.30 142 Ixodes philipi Kairans and Kohls, 1970 148 Ixodes sigtuitus Binila, 1895 150 TABLE OF CONTENTS (contimud) Ixodes simplex simplex Neiiniaiin, 1906 155 Ixodes tanuki Saito, 1964 158 Ixodes turdiis Nakatsuji, 1942 161 | uriac White. 161 Ixodes 1852 j Ixodes vesj>ertilionis C. L. Koch, 1844 165 I Geniis Rhipicephalus 170 I Rhipiccpludus sanguineus Latreille. 1806 170 OOl'liTFlH. HIiCORDS 175 I I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 177 • LITERATURE CITED 178 APPENDIX 1. NOTATIONS ON THE LITERATURE CITED 185 APPENDIX 2. COLLECTION RECORDS 186 APPENDIX 3. LIST OF MAPS AND TEXT FIGURES 219 APPENDIX 4. INFORMATION ON SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATED 222 , ' APPENDIX 5. CORRECTED SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF HOSTS RECORDED IN THE LITERATURE , 227 L, TICKS OF JAPAN, KOREA, AND THE RYUKYU ISLANDS by Noboru Yamaguti,' Tipton,- Vemon J. Hugh L. Keegan,' and Seiichi Toshioka^ ABSTRACT This publication is a revision of Ixodid Ticks rived from field collections and a thorough re- of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukiju Islands by view of the literature. Keys are provided for the Keegan and Toshioka ( 1957 ) . The Hck fauna identification of genera and species. For each of these areas is represented by 36 species in the species we have given synonymy, a brief diag- genera Ar^fl.y, Ornithodoros, Ambhjomma, Boo- nosis, geographical distribution, hosts, and, if philus, Dermacentor, Haenmphijsails, Ixodes, known, the biology and relationship to disease. and Rhipicephalus. Three species of the family Collection data for material actually examined Argasidae and 10 species of Ixodidae were not or recorded in the literature are given in chart treated in the original edition. The additional form at the end of the paper. Illustrations of information contained in this revision was de- 65 adults and 53 immatures are provided. INTRODUCTION The importance of ticks as vectors of viral able. We have also chosen to present the collec- and rickettsial diseases of man has been re- tion data in chart fonn rather than as a part of viewed by H(X)gstraal (1966, 1967a, 1967b). the text. The format used by Elbl and Anastos Ticks are also important vectors of pathogens ( 1966) has been used as a guide in the prepara- affecting domestic and game animals. The man- tion of the collection data chart. ual, Ixodid Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Rt/u- Much of the infoniiation contained in this ktju Islands by Keegan and Toshioka ( 1957), rep- paper has been copied verbatim from the origi- resented a significant contribution to our knowl- nal 1957 manual. The order in which the edge of tick vectors of disease. Inasmuch as authors are listed does not infer that Keegan and there have been several biological and taxonomic Toshioka have made any less contribution than studies of the tick fauna of Japan published since the other two authors, and as a matter of fact 1957, and to a lesser extent Korea and the this paper would hardly have been possible Ryukyu Islands, Colonel Keegan suggested that without the original manual as a starting point. Tipton and Yamaguti revise the original paper. Furthennore, we received constant encourage- We have supplemented information from the ment and assistance from Colonel Keegan and literature with our own collecting and life cycle Dr. Toshioka. studies at the 406th Medical Laboratory. Some As in the 1957 manual, the generic classifica- additions and changes have been made in the tion given by Anastos (1950) and Hoogstraal format, such as the inclusion of the argasid ticks, (1956) has been followed. We have also relied a diagnosis for each species, an illustrated key to heavily on the assistance of Mr. Glen M. Kohls the genera, and a map for each species showing ( Rockv Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mon- distribution based on all collection records avail- tana), Dr. Harry Hoogstraal (Naval Medical *[)eparlnient of Parasitology. Tokyo Women's Medicil (College. Tokyo. Japan. -Departnient nf 7.noIogy. Rrigliani YoiinR Universily. I'rovo. Utah. 'ncpartnifnt of Prpveiitive Mi'dii inn. Sdionl of MedMine. University of MississiiJpi. Jatksoii. Mississippi. 'Department of Kntomologw -HHuli .MeJital I.aboratory. U.S. Army ,\Iedical Command. .\P0 San Francisco. 06543, US.\. Bhigham Young University Science Bulletin Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt), and Dr. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shigeo Kitaoka (National Institute of Animal Most of the material examined as a part of Health, Tokyo). this study was collected during extensive field Taxonomieally important striictnre.s are trips on the four main islands of Japan and on labeled in Fig. 2 to 4. A detailed discussion of islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago. A few speci- tick morphology is not given in this paper. Such mens were provided by one of us (Tipton) in infomiation may be obtained from texts of medi- connection with field excursions made to Korea. cal entomology or the excellent monographs of Engorged females were kept in vials until Nuttall and Warburton (1908, 1911, 1915). oviposition, and larvae were fed on ears of rab- Synonymy listed under the specific name in- bits so that laboratory life cycle studies could be volves only those papers in which specimens initiated. Unengorged females ( freshly collected from Japan, Korea, or the Ryukyu Islands were from the field) were likewise reared in the examined or discussed by those authors. Though laboratory. These procedures enabled us to there have been several papers dealing with properly associate adults with immature forms.