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ELSEVIER’S Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review This page intentionally left blank ELSEVIER’S Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review Linda J. Graeter Associate Professor Medical Laboratory Science Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Elizabeth G. Hertenstein Assistant Professor Medical Laboratory Science Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Charity E. Accurso Assistant Professor Medical Laboratory Science Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Gideon H. Labiner Associate Professor Medical Laboratory Science Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 Elsevier’s Medical Laboratory Science Examination ISBN: 978-1-4557-0889-5 Copyright © 2015 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies, and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Elsevier’s medical laboratory science examination review / [edited by] Linda J. Graeter, Elizabeth G. Hertenstein, Charity E. Accurso, Gideon H. Labiner. – First edition. p.; cm. Medical laboratory science examination review Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4557-0889-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) I. Graeter, Linda J., editor. II. Hertenstein, Elizabeth G., editor. III. Accurso, Charity E., editor. IV. Labiner, Gideon H., editor. V. Title: Medical laboratory science examination review. [DNLM: 1. Clinical Laboratory Techniques–Examination Questions. QY 18.2] RB37 616.07056–dc23 2014016504 Executive Content Strategist: Kellie White Content Development Manager: Billie Sharp Content Development Specialist: Betsy McCormac Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: Rachel E. McMullen Design Direction: Maggie Reid Printed in the United States of America CONTRIBUTORS Brenda C. Barnes, PhD, MT(ASCP)SBBCM Mark W. Ireton, MA, BS, MLS(ASCP)CM Director, Medical Laboratory Science Program, Blood Bank Technologist II Associate Professor Hoxworth Blood Center Allen College University of Cincinnati Waterloo, Iowa Cincinnati, Ohio Janelle M. Chiasera, PhD, MT(ASCP) Paul R. Labbe, MS, MCLT Chair,The Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Vice President Information Resources Professor CompuNet Clinical Laboratories The University of Alabama, Birmingham Dayton, Ohio Birmingham, Alabama Joel E. Mortensen, PhD, HCLD, FAAM Sandy Cook, MS, MT(ASCP) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Assistant Professor Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Clinical Laboratory Services Cincinnati, Ohio Ferris State University Big Rapids, Michigan Susan King Strasinger, DA, MLS(ASCP) Faculty Associate Melanie J. Giusti, BS, MLS(ASCP)CM The University of West Florida Program Manager Pensacola, Florida Medical Laboratory Science Program College of Allied Health Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio v This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to all contributing authors and reviewers who dedicated time and effort during the development of this book. A special word of recognition and appre- ciation for their dedication to Medical Laboratory education is offered to Melanie Giusti, MLS(ASCP)CM; Lara Kolar, MT(ASCP); John Landis, MS, MT(ASCP); Jennifer Macht, BS MT(ASCP), CHT (ABHI); Ryan McGough, MS, MT(ASCP); Erin Rumpke, MS, MT(ASCP); and Beth Warning, MS, MLS (ASCP)CM. Last but not least, our sincere thanks are extended to our Elsevier colleagues: Ellen Wurm-Cutter, Content Manager; Amy Whittier, Content Development Specialist; and all others at Elsevier who were involved in this project. Their assistance, thought- ful advice, and continued support were invaluable as we navigated through the various steps in completing the book. vii This page intentionally left blank PREFACE The Medical Laboratory Science Review is intended to certification or licensure examinations. The Evolve web- serve as a review tool for candidates who are preparing site was created with that in mind and includes printable to sit for certification or licensure examinations in Med- study worksheets and additional review materials. Stu- ical Laboratory Science. However, the integral nature of dents are able to generate individualized study files this review book provides a review for individuals seeking from these materials. The website also includes 1000 to strengthen knowledge in the topics related to the clin- additional multiple-choice questions that are different ical laboratory. Therefore this text can provide a multi- from those in the book. From these materials, students purpose review. The text is ideal for those preparing can create additional practice examinations focusing for Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) or categorical on the content area of their choice. Technologist/Scientist (Blood Banking, Chemistry, Hematology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology) cer- tification examinations sponsored by the American Soci- EXAMINATION PREPARATION ety of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Certification or for the American Medical Technologists (AMT)- Preparation for certification and licensure examinations supported certification examination. Additionally, this is sometimes a daunting and intimidating process. text will be helpful for those preparing for the Medical We encourage students to recognize the time and effort Laboratory Technology (MLT) certification examina- placed in successfully completing their respective educa- tion, although the scope of some of the advanced topics tional programs and the knowledge gained while doing are outside the required competencies for the MLT level. so. Preparing for the examination then becomes a struc- The outline format enhances learning and comprehension tured plan that provides for a review of the knowledge for each professional career entry track. Others who gained. would benefit from using this review text to support their Shortly before program completion, thoroughly review studies are those seeking advanced degrees, ASCP Spe- the ASCP Board of Certification website. Be sure to review cialist certification, Physician Assistant students, and the requirements that must be met to sit for the examina- Pathology Residents. Additional uses include serving as tion, along with the recommended dates to submit the a reference book for students and educators, providing application. We encourage students to sit for the examina- continuing education review and to refresh knowledge. tion within 6 months of program completion.