<p> 1</p><p>IGCSE Geography Classwork Notes Please print these out before class so you can make notes on them (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the distribution of average annual rainfall in Spain. It also gives information about Spain’s national water transfer plan.</p><p>(i) Indicate: 1. the wettest area of Spain ...... </p><p>2. the driest area of Spain ...... (2)</p><p>(ii) Draw a sketch map of the course of the River Ebro.</p><p>Label the location of: • the mouth • the upper course • the flood plain.</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 2 (iii) Describe the part played by the River Ebro in the national water plan. (3)</p><p>(iv) What are the advantages of this national water plan? (4)</p><p>(v) Give one possible effect the plan might have on the environment. (1)</p><p>(b) Rainfall in Spain was much below average in 2005. Describe what you think the water managers did in this situation. (4)</p><p>(c) Describe how data would be collected about water quality in a river. (4)</p><p>(d) With reference to examples, explain why water quality varies from place to place. (9)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 3 3. Hazardous environments</p><p>(a) Study Figure 3(a) which shows an area close to an active volcano.</p><p>Figure 3(a)</p><p>Give three reasons why some people live close to volcanoes. b) Study Figure 3(b) which is a satellite image of a volcano in Alaska.</p><p>(i) State the wind direction over the volcano.(1)</p><p>(ii) What evidence is there that this volcano is active? (3)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 4 (c) Describe the main effects of volcanic eruptions: (4)</p><p>1. in the short-term</p><p>2. in the long-term.</p><p>(d) Describe two ways in which people try to reduce the harmful effects of volcanic eruptions. (4)</p><p>(e) Extreme weather is a natural hazard.</p><p>(i) Describe how you would collect and record: (2 x 3)</p><p>1. wind speed</p><p>2. precipitation (rainfall).</p><p>(ii) With reference to examples, explain why the effects of natural hazards are generally less harmful in HICs than in LICs. (9)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 5 4. Economic activity and energy</p><p>(a) Study Figure 4(a) which shows the factors influencing the choice of location of a new factory.</p><p>(i) To which economic sector does Figure 4(a) refer? Put a cross in the box next to the correct answer. (1) Primary secondary tertiary quaternary</p><p>(ii) What is meant by the term world markets? (2)</p><p>(iii) Name an industry located close to its sources of raw materials. (1)</p><p>(iv) Describe the advantages of an industry being located close to its sources of raw materials. (4)</p><p>(b) Study Figure 4(b). It shows the scores a transnational company gave to eight key factors when choosing the location for a new factory. Location Factors Score of importance (out of 100) Labour 8 World markets 8 Government policy 7 Transport 6 Energy 5 Local markets 5 Water 4 Raw materials 3</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 6</p><p>(i) Complete Figure 4(c) below by: • labelling the axes • drawing the bars for transport and government policy</p><p>(ii) Suggest why this transnational company gave a high score to government policy. (4)</p><p>(c) Describe how people’s views on the use of renewable and non-renewable energy could be investigated. (6)</p><p>(d) In many HICs the nature of employment is changing. With reference to one HIC, describe and give reasons for this change. (9)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 7</p><p>6. Urban environments (a) Study Figure 6(a) which shows land use in Nairobi, Kenya.</p><p>(i) Name two typical locations of shanty settlement. (2)</p><p>(ii) Give one typical characteristic of: (2)</p><p>1. shanty settlement residents</p><p>2. shanty settlement housing.</p><p>(iii) Briefly describe the term self-help housing. (1)</p><p>(iv) Describe one difference between self-help housing and shanty settlement housing. (2)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 8 (v) What evidence is there on Figure 6(a) that the people of Nairobi live in areas according to: (4)</p><p>1. their income</p><p>2. their ethnicity?</p><p>(b) Study Figure 6(b) which shows an area of Nairobi.</p><p>Which area of the city is shown by Figure 6(b)? Justify your answer. (4)</p><p>(c) Describe how a fieldwork investigation of land use across an urban area could be planned and carried out. (6)</p><p>(d) Explain why the CBDs of HIC and LIC cities are broadly similar. (9)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 9 7. Fragile Environments</p><p>(a) Study Figure 7 which shows how the forested areas of the world are predicted to change between 2000 and 2025</p><p>Numbers are 000km2 (average annual change in forested area, 2000–2025) Figure 7</p><p>(i) What is meant by the term deforestation? (1)</p><p>(ii) What evidence is there to suggest that today’s deforestation is: ( 2 x 2marks)</p><p>1. mainly of tropical rainforests</p><p>2. an issue for the whole world.</p><p>(b) Explain the impact that deforestation has on: ( 2 x 5 marks)</p><p>1. the local ecosystem and economy</p><p>2. global climate change.</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc 10</p><p>(c) With reference to examples, give reasons for the loss of forests. (6)</p><p>(d) Read the recent newspaper headline below.</p><p>Explain how and why sustainable tropical rainforest management requires international cooperation. (9)</p><p>LMcG 0c0264e3983c031b2307f463d7efb5a0.doc</p>