<p>Chapter 10 Outline/ Questions Directions: On another piece of paper outline the The thought and culture of the northern Renaissance chapter using the outline skeleton below to guide your note taking and then answer the discussion questions in complete sentences. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS</p><p>1. What was Jacob Burckhardt’s interpretation of the OUTLINE Renaissance? What criticisms have been leveled against it? What did the term mean in the context of I. The Renaissance in Italy fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italy? A. The Italian City-State B. Humanism 2. How would you define Renaissance humanism? In C. Renaissance Art what ways was the Renaissance a break with the D. Slavery in the Renaissance Middle Ages, and in what ways did it owe its existence to medieval civilization? II. Italy’s Political Decline: The French Invasions 3. Who were some of the famous literary and artistic (1494 – 1527) figures of the Italian Renaissance? What did they A. Charles VIII’s March through Italy have in common that might be described as “the spirit B. Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia of the Renaissance”? Family C. Pope Julius II 4. Why did the French invade Italy in 1494? How D. Niccolò Machiavelli did this event trigger Italy’s political decline? How did the actions of Pope Julius II and the ideas of III. Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe Niccolò Machiavelli signify a new era in Italian A. France civilization? B. Spain C. England 5. A common assumption is that creative work D. The Holy Roman Empire proceeds best in periods of calm and peace. Given the combination of political instability and cultural IV. The Northern Renaissance productivity in Renaissance Italy, do you think this A. The Printing Press assumption is valid? B. Erasmus C. Humanism and Reform 6. How did the Renaissance in the north differ from the Italian Renaissance? In what ways was Erasmus V. Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the the embodiment of the northern Renaissance? West and East A. The Portuguese Chart the Course 7. What factors led to the voyages of discovery? B. The Spanish Voyages of Columbus Why were the Portuguese interested in finding a C. The Spanish Empire in the New World route to the East? Why did Columbus sail west D. The Church in Spanish America across the Atlantic in 1492? E. The Economy of Exploitation F. The Impact on Europe</p><p>KEY TOPICS</p><p>The politics, culture, and art of the Italian Renaissance</p><p>Political struggle and foreign intervention in Italy</p><p>The powerful new monarchies of northern Europe</p>