<p> Studying Life Chapter 1.3</p><p>Biology = The Study Of Life</p><p>Characteristics of Life • Every living thing, although different, shares the same 8 characteristics – ______– Obtains and uses ______– Responds to stimuli / Adapts to the environment – ______– Grows and develops – Has the same universal ______– Maintain an internal steady environment- called______– As a group, living things change over time</p><p>Has Cells • Cell – The ______living part of an organism • Organism can consist of 1 cell or ______of cells • Cells carry out specific functions that allow organism to survive</p><p>Obtains and Uses Energy • All organisms must have ______to live • Ultimate source of energy is the ______• Organisms either use the sun or other organisms for energy • ______– The sum of all the chemical reactions which an organism carries out for its life processes</p><p>Responds to Stimuli /Adapts to the Environment • Stimulus – Any change in the environment that causes a ______• Response – The reaction of an organism to a ______</p><p>Reproduces • Ability to create new offspring and continue the species – ______reproduction • New organism has one parent – ______reproduction • New organism has two parents – ______• The ability to reproduce • Only characteristic that is necessary for the continuation of life Growth and Development • Growth – Increase in ______of an organism • Development – Change or ______of an organism</p><p>Universal Genetic Code • DNA – ______– Contains the directions for inheritance of traits</p><p>Maintains Internal Environment • Homeostasis – Maintenance of an ______, despite what is happening in the external environment • Works like a thermostat in a house</p><p>Evolution • Change over time • Individual organisms cannot evolve, but groups of organisms can</p><p>Levels of Organization</p><p>Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Biosphere</p><p>Ecosystem Community and its nonliving surroundings</p><p>Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Community Populations that live together in a defined area</p><p>Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Bison herd</p><p>Individual Organism living thing</p><p>Bison</p><p>Groups of Tissues, organs, Cells and organ systems Brain Nervous tissue Nervous system Smallest Cells functional unit of life Nerve cell</p><p>Groups of Molecules atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Water DNA</p><p>Chapter 1.4: Tools and Procedures</p><p>The Metric System • Most scientists use the metric system when collecting data and performing experiments – Also called the SI system </p><p>àWhy – decimal system of measurement scaled on the multiples of ______– easy to use – everyone else uses the metric system</p><p>Measurements in the Metric System • Length is measured in à</p><p>• Mass is measured in à</p><p>• Volume is measured in à______if liquid or à ______if solid</p><p>• Temperature is measured in degrees à</p><p>The Microscope • Any device that produces ______images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye</p><p>The Light Microscope vs. The Electron Microscope • Light Microscopes àfocuses ______rays to magnify image àcan magnify up to ______</p><p>Example: The Compound Light Microscope • Uses ___ lenses and allows light to pass through specimen • Can study ______organisms, no smaller than 2um. • Uses ______to make images easier to see and 3D</p><p>• Electron Microscopes àfocuses beams of ______to magnify image àproduces images ______greater than C.L.M. àcan’t observe ______specimen àslides must be in a vacuum </p><p>Examples:  Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) • Electrons travel across the ______</p><p> Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) • Electrons travel ______a thin sample of a specimen</p><p>Review Questions</p><p>• Name an organism and give an example of how they demonstrate 5 of the 8 characteristics of life – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5.</p><p>• Using a Venn Diagram, show the differences and similarities between a compound microscope and an electron microscope.</p>