<p>Chapter 24 Quiz- Whole 1) The decline in illegitimacy rates after 1850 was probably the result of a. higher incidence of marriage for expectant mothers. b. decreased premarital sexual activity. c. urban renewal. d. increased availability of contraception and abortion. e. the increased influence of religion among the lower classes.</p><p>2) My Secret Life describes a. the harsh world of sweated industries. b. the search for scientific discoveries. c. the seamy, underground sex life of a Victorian rake. d. the psychological stress created by the new, stifling family structure. e. a bourgeois factory owner who worked as a common factory operative for a year.</p><p>3) After 1850, husbands and wives, in the cities, were able to work together only in a. factories. b. sweated industries. c. white collar jobs. d. small-scale retail trade. e. mines.</p><p>4) Feminists inspired by socialism generally differed from middle-class feminists who followed the liberal political tradition in that they a. focused on the liberation of working-class women through working class revolution rather than on winning specific legal rights. b. often advocated the end of marriage as a legal institution. c. insisted that women follow a strict code of sexual fidelity. d. argued that women ought to be conscripted into the military. e. did not believe in religious tolerance.</p><p>5) One positive aspect of the rigid separation of men and women was a. that women were no longer exploited in sweated industries. b. a decline in the rape and abuse of young women. c. a larger role for women in managing the household. d. the relative decline of prostitution. e. the appearance of women doctors to care for women patients.</p><p>6) The flaw in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution was a. his assertion that characteristics parents acquired in the course of their lives could be passed on to their offspring by heredity. b. his denial that human beings had evolved from other primates. c. his claim that genetic mutations were random. d. his assertion that all forms of life had arisen through a long process of continuous adjustment to the environment. e. his assertion that God intervened to push evolution in the direction of greater complexity.</p><p>7) The term labor aristocracy in this text refers to a. trade union leadership. b. highly skilled workers and foremen. c. Karl Marx's concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat. d. wealthy industrialists. e. nobles who became involved in the socialist movement.</p><p>8) Georges Haussmann is remembered for a. developing the antiseptic method. b. rebuilding Paris. c. his realistic novels of lower-class life. d. enunciation of the positivist philosophy. e. pioneering the use of anesthesia.</p><p>9) Joseph Lister is responsible for the a. development of the germ theory. b. popularization of the miasmatic theory. c. practice of antiseptic sterilization. d. theory of genetics. e. theory of the separation of powers.</p><p>10) Job opportunities for women outside the home typically included all of the following except a. the retail trade. b. sweated industries. c. domestic service. d. prostitution. e. professional careers.</p><p>11) The common aspects that united the middle classes included all of the following except a. keeping servants. b. commitment to frugal living. c. belief in education. d. a strict code of behavior. e. commitment to hard work.</p><p>12) The decline in working-class church attendance has been attributed to all of the following except a. the influence of Auguste Comte's writings. b. a lack of clergymen. c. responsibilities at home and the factory. d. the identification of organized religion with the ruling elites. e. the fact that construction of churches in cities failed to keep up with growing populations.</p><p>13) Edwin Chadwick believed that a. poverty was the result of lower-class immorality. b. individuals were responsible for their economic success. c. death and disease caused poverty. d. Christian morals should be the basis of urban reform. e. regulating the food-processing industry would rapidly reduce urban mortality rates.</p><p>14) In the Balkans, white-collar workers (clerks, store managers, and so on) grew their fingernails very long because a. they were imitating fashion in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul. b. they wished to separate themselves from those who worked with their hands. c. long fingernails were thought to be a mark of good hygiene. d. they could not afford nail clippers. e. they viewed long nails as a sign of asceticism and hence saintliness.</p><p>15) The originality of Charles Darwin's theory lay in the concept of a. germ theory. b. diverse ancestral heritage. c. natural selection. d. genetic mutation. e. asexual reproduction.</p>