<p>Pre-Algebra Louis D’Anjou</p><p>Exponents and Scientific Notation</p><p>Note: an where (a) = base, (n) = exponent</p><p>Rule 1: a0 = 1 Example: 20 = 1; x0 = 1; 2340 =1; 100 = 1</p><p>Rule 2: a-n = 1/an Example: x-5 = 1/x5 ; 5-3 = 1/53 =1/125, </p><p>Rule 3: am.an = am+n Example: 23. 22 = 25 = 32; x3. x5 = x8</p><p>Rule 4: am/an = am-n Example: 25/22 = 25-2 = 23; 104/102 =102 =100</p><p>Rule 5: (am)n = am.n Example: (23)2 = 26 = 64; (32)2 = 34 = 81 (10)3 =103 = 1000; (32)2 =81 </p><p>1 Pre-Algebra Louis D’Anjou</p><p>Exponents and Scientific Notation (cont’d)</p><p> Scientists have developed a shorter method to express very large or small numbers.  Scientific Notation is based on powers of the base number 10.  The standard number 123,000,000,000 in scientific notation is written as : 1.23 x 1011</p><p> The standard number 0.0000000000123 in scientific notation is written as : 1.23 x 10-11 or 1.23E-11 or as 1.23 X 10^-11  The first number 1.23 is called the coefficient.  It must be greater than 1 and less than 10.  The second number is called the base .</p><p>Example Set 2: a. 960,000 = 9.6 x 105 b. 0.00021 = 2.1 x 10-4 c. 1520 = 1.52 x 103 d. 0.000000113 = 1.13 x 10-7 e. 912,456,700 = 9.12 e+08 f. 0.0000043 = 4.3 e-06 g. 0.0073 = ? h. 437,560,000 = ?</p><p>2 Pre-Algebra Louis D’Anjou</p><p>C3) (y-3)-4 = d3) (106)-4 =</p><p>E1) x5. X9 = f1) y5. y-3 = </p><p>E2) m-6. m-4 = f2) 105. 10-2 = </p><p>E3) 36. 3-3 = f3) 2-7. 24 = </p><p>Example Set2: G1) 108/105 = h1) 25/25 = </p><p>G2) p-7/p5 = h2) k-8/k-6 = </p><p>G3) m9/m9 = h3) 665/664 = </p><p>I1) 7870 = j1) 4p0 = </p><p>I2) k0 = j2) 4x0 = </p><p>3 Pre-Algebra Louis D’Anjou</p><p>K1) (y6)3 = l1) (p8)-1 = </p><p>K2) (102)-2 = l2) (-103)-4 = </p><p>K3) (-103)-1 = l3) (-103)-1 = </p><p>M1) k5.k-2 = n1) 26.22.2-4 = </p><p>M2) 36.3.3-5 = n2) 103.10.10-7 = </p><p>M3) x4.x-2 = n3) y6.y-2.y-4 = </p><p>4</p>