<p>Plymouth/Pilgrims Timeline [Emphasis on their dealings with the sea]</p><p>1609 – Seagoing troubles getting Pilgrims from Scrooby, England to Holland</p><p>1617 – Decision on part of Leyden Pilgrims to strike out for America</p><p>1620 – Arrange for two ships to effect passage from Leyden (Speedwell) and Southampton (Mayflower) to America south of 40N</p><p>1620 July 22 – Speedwell departs Holland to meet up with Mayflower at Southampton</p><p>August – Two attempts to get out of English Channel, both times thwarted by leaky Speedwell having to turn back, first to Dartmouth, second time to Plymouth</p><p>September 6 – Mayflower, with 102 passengers sets out alone on a fair ENE wind</p><p>November 9 – Sight land on north side of Cape Cod, 42 N November 10 – Failed in attempt to round Cape Cod and press on to New Netherland; obstructed by Pollack Rip November 11 – Anchor in Provincetown Harbor (see lots of whales) November 12/13 – Unshipped 35’shallop and started to put it back together -- 5 weeks anchored in Provincetown December 6 – Shallop, with 34 men, sailing west across the bay side of Cape in search of a habitation -- stopovers in Wellfleet Harbor and Barnstable Harbor December 8 – Enter Plymouth Harbor; same day as Bradford’s wife Dorothy drowned by slipping off the Mayflower back in Provincetown December 10 – Shallop crew comes ashore; decided to settle here; sends shallop back for Mayflower December 16 – Mayflower anchored in Plymouth Harbor – to winter here December 19 – Passengers come ashore</p><p>[Nearly half of the 102 original transplanters dead by spring of 1621]</p><p>1621 April – Mayflower sails back to England – empty June – shallop voyage to Nauset/Eastham in search of lost boy November 21 – Arrival of the Fortune, with 35 new colonists December – Fortune sailed for England with clapboard. Beaver, otter skins</p><p>1622 Spring – Edward Winslow dispatched to Maine coast to trade/buy provisions from fishing fleet Charity to Plymouth ; sailed home in October 1623 July/August – Arrival of Anne and Little James, with 60 more settlers – These, with the Mayflower and Fortune passengers  “Old Comers”</p><p>June -- Plantation 1rrive in Plymouth</p><p>1624 Little James sent fishing to Damariscove, Maine Charity arrived in Plymouth with first cattle to colony – but not the wanted West Country fishermen</p><p>1626 Plymouth establishes a trading post on Buzzards Bay (Manomet/Aptuxent/Bourne), giving colony an opening on the south side of Cape Cod; soon visited by Dutch from new Netherland with wampum as medium of exchange</p><p>1627 May 22 -- Liquidation of agreement with Adventurers; 12 “Undertakers” to assume the colony’s debt of L1400 in exchange for monopoly on trade and exclusive use of shallop and fishing boat</p><p>1628 Plymouth establishes a trading post on Kennebec River</p><p>1629 Spring – Lyon reaches Salem with 35 Plymouth settlers from Leyden and lead group of Puritans Plymouth establishes a trading post on Penobscot River</p><p>1632 Duxbury (on north edge of Plymouth Harbor) released from Plymouth church and allowed to set up its own church Land also allotted to settlers that becomes Marshfield in 1640</p><p>1633 Trading post established on Connecticut River (Windsor/Matianuck)</p><p>1634-36 Plymouth loses all four of its trading posts: Kennebec and Penobscot to French; Aptucxet/Bourne hit by hurricane; Windsor post to Mass. Bay settlers</p><p>1634-1638 [Pequot War] Spring – Outbreak of Pequot War following death of Captain John Stone, West Indian trader/pirate 1636 – Body of John Oldham (a Plymouth refugee) discovered in his pinnace near Block Island; Mass. Bay contingent under John Endecott to Block Island to kill all Indian men and seze women and children. Soldiers burn cornfields on Block Island and in Saybrook, Ct, killing a Pequot there. Pequots renew war and attack Saybrook.</p><p>1637 – May/July – Connecticut militia under captain John Mason , and in company with Narragansett Indians, attack Pequot fort on Mystic River. </p><p>1638 – September – Treaty of Hartford ends war with Pequot Indians no longer existing as a people.</p><p>1635 – 1640 Scituate, Sandwich, Taunton, Barnstable, Saugus, Yarmouth all set up</p><p>1640 Purchasers get access to three large chunks of real estate -- 1. Cape Cod swath/”sea to sea” 2. Southwest of Plymouth  Buzzards Bay 3. East/west swarth to Mount Hope on Narragansett Bay</p><p>End of “Great Migration” in to Massachusetts Bay Colony brings sharp drop in demand for Plymouth livestock.</p><p>1642 Settlement at Seekonk underway</p><p>1644 Settlement at Nuset/Eastham underway</p><p>1655 – Colony leader Edward Winslow dies at sea in West Indies</p><p>1656 – Quakers begin to settle in Plymouth; later in Sandwich and Sciuate; Plymouth resists their doing so Myles Standish dies</p><p>1657 – May 9 – William Bradford dies</p><p>1660 Massasoit dies</p><p>1670s Tensions between Plymouth and Wampanoag leader Philip over English encroachments 1675 Plymouth’s population was 7,500; covered 1,600 square miles; undivided acreage all gone</p><p>King Philip’s War January – John Sassamon, former secretary to Philip and English informant, found dead. Indians suspected; three convicted June – War breaks out when Philip attacks town of Swansea – later attacks on Taunton, Dartmouth and Middleboro</p><p>1676 March – Indian attack on Pawtucket; then Rehoboth burned August – General Court authorizes Wampanoag children into servitude; later agree to sell as slaves </p><p>August 12 – Philip surrounded on Mount Hope peninsula; Philip killed and body quartered; his 9-year-old son sold into slavery, along with 180 other Indians who were transported to the Caribbean on the Seaflower</p><p>1681 Plymouth secures a new charter Plymouth shipping horses to Boston for export to West Indies Also exporting cod, striped bass, mackerel, sturgeon, oysters – whale oil</p><p>1686 Governor Edmund Andros to Boston as Governor of the Dominion of New England</p><p>1687 Edw. Randolph put Plymouth’s export of whale oil to England at 200 tons.</p><p>1691 England combines Plymouth and Maine colonies with Massachusetts Bay; some thought to combining Plymouth to New York</p>