<p>Mr. Sullivan Name ______AP World History Date ______Textbook Guided Reading POD 17 Sick Old Man of Europe Period ______</p><p>Directions: Please complete these questions as a means to BEGIN studying and preparing for the upcoming POD test. It is your responsibility to complete this task by the due date. You may wish to refer to your class notes and materials, as well as your textbook for assistance in the completion of this task. All answers should be placed on the answer worksheet below</p><p>Each Question is worth 1 point</p><p>Nota bene: The corresponding textbook page numbers are included with each question for your assistance.</p><p>Question Answer Question Answer 1 16 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 20 6 21 7 22 8 23 9 24 10 25 11 26 12 27 13 28 14 29 15 30 1. The Mamluks were a. Descendents of Mongols enslaved in the Ottoman Empire. b. the ruling family of Arabia. c. slave-soldiers of Egypt. d. a religious faction in Turkey e. pro-western reformers in the Balkans. REF: p. 662</p><p>2. Who became the leader of Egypt after the failure of the French, Mamluk, and Ottoman governments? a. Gamal Nasser b. Mohandas K. Gandhi c. Muhammad Ali Jinnah d. Muhammad Ali e. Anwar Sadat REF: p. 662</p><p>3. Muhammad Ali accomplished many aspects of modernization. Which was NOT one of his projects? a. Establishing schools for military training. b. Emphasis of European skills and sciences. c. starting a gazette reporting on official affairs d. Building factories and railroads that achieved long-lasting success. e. Achieving rule of Egypt for himself and his descendents until the 1950's. REF: p. 662</p><p>4. Which of the following was not among the earliest reforms of the Ottoman Empire? a. Implementation of laws to protect women and children from abuse and abandonment b. Standardization of taxation c. Controlling the provincial governors d. Standardization of land tenure e. Creation of European-style military units REF: p. 663</p><p>5. The most persistent opponents of early Ottoman reforms were the a. hereditary elites. b. Janissaries. c. religious leaders. d. peasants and agriculturalists. e. Jesuits. REF: p. 663</p><p>6. Serbia became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1805 a. because the Ottoman Empire was busy suppressing the Greek uprising. b. but it was reabsorbed two decades later. c. after Russian threats prevented the Ottomans from disarming Serbians following a Janissary revolt. d. because Mohammad Ali recalled the Janissaries to Egypt. e. by assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand. REF: p. 663-664 7. The ulama opposed Selim III's reforms because a. they did not want to lose their military power. b. Selim had recognized Napoleon as emperor. c. of the power Selim had granted to the Janissaries. d. they feared the secularization of law and taxation. e. Selim wanted to eliminate Islam. REF: p. 664</p><p>8. The war for Greek independence resulted in the a. defeat of the Greek revolutionaries and the execution of all traitors. b. execution of the sultan. c. defeat of the Ottomans by the combined Russian, British, and French fleets. d. collapse of the Egyptian monarchy. e. complete destruction of the Ottoman Empire. REF: p. 664</p><p>9. After the war for Greek independence, Mahmud II a. created a new artillery unit and bombarded the Janissaries. b. eliminated the power of the religious elite. c. restructured the bureaucracy, education, and laws. d. made alliances with western Europe. e. attacked Persia. REF: p. 665</p><p>10. The Tanzimat proclamations a. called for public trials and equal protection under the law. b. punished Janissaries and other secret military societies. c. called for the destruction of the university system. d. ensured that Muslims, Christians, and Jews would have their own separate codes of law. e. called for a redistribution of wealth in an effort to create a more egalitarian society. REF: p. 665</p><p>11. The shari'a retained legal control over which area? a. military law. b. alcohol and tobacco prohibitions. c. family law. d. religious interpretations. e. canon law REF: p. 665</p><p>12. The preferred language of the reformed educational system in the Ottoman Empire was a. Turkish. b. French. c. Russian. d. German. e. Arabic. REF: p. 665</p><p>13. The Janissary corps was officially disbanded when a. the Battle of Navarino saw them fail to protect the Ottoman Empire's navy. b. they were systematically defeated in the battle for Greek independence and committed suicide rather than face dishonor. c. the French army of Napoleon defeated them in Constantinople. d. the Russians defeated them in the Crimean War. e. the sultan secretly trained a new artillery unit, which bombarded the Janissaries and wiped them out. REF: p. 665 14. Examples of westernization are seen in all of the following examples except: a. styles of military uniform b. formation of a civil service brigade. c. secularization of the legal codes d. allowing women in universities. e. expansion of civil courts with equal access for all men. REF: p. 666</p><p>15. Ottoman reforms a. decreased the influence of women in society. b. provided new universities for female students. c. made women equal to men under the law. d. provided women with greater job opportunities. e. did not change women's position in society. REF: p. 666</p><p>16. Women's property rights in the Ottoman Empire a. were upheld as a matter of Islamic law. b. required a woman to sell her personal property upon marriage and give the money to her husband. c. encouraged women to retain family property for her sons. d. were abrogated under secular reforms that removed decision making from religious courts e. were significantly influenced by women's rights in western traditions. REF: p. 667</p><p>17. The root cause of the Crimean War was a. Russia's desire to expand south for naval access to the Mediterranean Sea. b. Russia's desire to spread Orthodox Christianity throughout the Ottoman Empire. c. Ottoman domination of Serbia. d. Russia's desire to control Constantinople (Istanbul). e. Russia's siding with Greece during the 1829 independence movement. REF: p. 667</p><p>18. Russian allies in the Crimean War against the Ottoman Empire included a. England. b. France. c. Italy. d. South Africa. e. none of these. REF: p. 667</p><p>19. The significance of the Crimean War was that it a. marked the transition to modern warfare with the use of breech-loading rifles. b. was the first war that utilized battalions of African soldiers in Europe. c. marked the end of the "age of innocence." d. was the most destructive war in human history. e. marked a brief return to chivalry. REF: p. 668</p><p>20. The fez became a part of Turkish military dress because a. they wanted a compromise between a hat and a turban. b. the fez was brimless and could be used during Islamic prayer services. c. the European style of leather-billed hats was thought to be ugly. d. it was better suited to new artillery weapons. e. it was distinctly different from the uniform of the Janissaries. REF: p. 665 21. Although the Ottoman Empire emulated European modernization and stimulated commerce and urbanization, it was unable to solve which major problem? a. Extraterritoriality, or foreign sovereignty within Ottoman states b. The imperial government's chronic shortage of money c. Resistance from Christian sectors, which brought European sanctions d. Overextension of the empire e. The banking crisis of the 1850s REF: p. 668</p><p>22. The Ottoman Empire was significantly weakened financially by: a. The Crimean War b. dependence on foreign loans c. lack of infrastructure to support western-style reforms. d. pegging the value of their currency to the fluctuating British pound e. too small of a professional class to administer the new economy. REF: p. 668</p><p>23. Significant decline in Ottoman trade happened when a. Egyptian cotton exports benefitted the hereditary governors of Egypt. b. The Ottoman empire overspent on the Suez Canal project. c. Islamic clerics refused to legalize coffee and alcohol trade. d. British opium trade superseded Turkish opium and hashish. e. they signed a trade monopoly on certain products with Russia. REF: p. 668</p><p>24. Which of the following was not a factor in starting World War I? a. Nationalism b. Weakening of the Ottoman Empire c. Competition for resources in colonial territories to fuel ongoing technology development d. Alliances and interactive military plans e. The Monroe Doctrine REF: p. 765-766</p><p>25. In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the a. "sick man of Europe." b. "Turkish Colossus." c. "Evil Empire." d. "Threat from the East." e. "Scarlet Knights." REF: p. 766</p><p>26. According to the text, why was war considered a good thing at the start of the twentieth century? a. Spread of nationalism b. For the past century, most wars had been swift and ended with decisive European victories. c. Widespread desire for revenge for past wrongs d. Eagerness to assert superiority of weapons technology e. All of these REF: p. 766 27. What turned the political assassination of Franz Ferdinand into a world-wide event involving all of the Great Powers was: a. competition among industrialized nations. b. the pre-existing system of alliances. c. the familial squabbles of the royal houses of Europe, all grandchildren of Queen Victoria. d. the opportunity to incite revolution in China and Russia. e. the entry of the United States into the fray of war. REF: p. 766</p><p>28. What was one of the fundamental weaknesses limiting the development of military strategy in Europe? a. Mobilization was dependent on railroads rather than individual motor vehicles. b. Proximity of nations to one another in forming alliances c. Lack of a common currency to pay war debts d. Conflicting political ideology regarding constitutional monarchies e. The role of women in the workplace REF: p. 766-767</p><p>29. The early-twentieth-century system of alliances pitted the British, French, and Russians against a. the Japanese, Italians, and Germans. b. the Ottomans, Italians, and Chinese. c. Austria-Hungary, Japan, and Poland. d. Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. e. Syria, Egypt, and Germany. REF: p. 767</p><p>30. Which of the European nations was least prepared to go to war? a. Germany b. Russia c. France d. England e. Austro-Hungary REF: p. 767</p>