UTZ Hazelnut Program in Turkey Evaluation Study November 2018 1 UTZ Hazelnut Program in Turkey Evaluation Study Research Coordinators Bürge AKBULUT Ertan KARABIYIK Research Consultants Bürge AKBULUT Seda AKÇO Ertan KARABIYIK Özgür ÇETİNKAYA Data Analysis Özgür ÇETİNKAYA Data Entry Hilal AVCI Field Team İhsan İZNEBİOĞLU (Team Leader) Cansu ÇABUCAK Gizem SEMA Necmettin YEMİŞ Önder ELÇİ English Translation Bürge AKBULUT Cover Photo Development Workshop Archive August 2018, Ankara Development Workshop Science, Culture, Training, Research, Implementation and Management Cooperative Üsküp Caddesi Eriş İşhanı No:16 D:14 Çankaya-Ankara-Turkey www.ka.org.tr [email protected] + 90 541-457 31 90 This report is prepared by the Development Workshop for UTZ. 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................. 11 2. Objectives and Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1. Objectives, Scope and Background of the Study ............................................................................... 12 2.2. Evaluation Questions ................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3. Data Collection and Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.4. Sampling ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.4.1. Questionnaires with Farmers ....................................................................................................... 16 2.4.2. Interviews with Key Informants .................................................................................................. 17 3. Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1. UTZ Program Implementation ................................................................................................................. 18 3.1.1. Internal Management System ....................................................................................................... 18 3.1.2. Traceability and Premiums ............................................................................................................ 19 Traceability ........................................................................................................................................................... 19 Premiums .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.1.3. Farmer Trainings ............................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.4. Internal and External Audits ......................................................................................................... 22 3.1.5. Productivity .......................................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.6. Supply Chain Collaboration ........................................................................................................... 24 3.2. Farmer Demographics ................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.1. Gender and Age Distribution ......................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2. Size of Land ........................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.3. Hazelnut Production ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.4. Occupational Status ........................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.5. Educational Status ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.6. Household Characteristics.............................................................................................................. 31 3.3. Farming Practices .......................................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.1. Farm Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 33 Pruning ................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Weed Control ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 Yield Optimization ............................................................................................................................................. 36 Pollination ............................................................................................................................................................. 37 Removal of Livestock and Poultry .............................................................................................................. 38 3.3.2. Planting Material and Nursery ..................................................................................................... 39 3 3.3.3. Soil and Fertility Management ...................................................................................................... 40 Soil Conservation ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Improving Soil Fertility ................................................................................................................................... 41 3.3.4. Harvesting ............................................................................................................................................. 43 3.4. Working Conditions ...................................................................................................................................... 44 3.4.1. Child Labor ............................................................................................................................................ 44 3.4.2. Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining.............................................................. 48 3.4.3. Wages and Contracts ........................................................................................................................ 48 Hiring ...................................................................................................................................................................... 48 Payments ............................................................................................................................................................... 50 Contracts (GC90) ................................................................................................................................................ 53 Foreign Migrant Workers ............................................................................................................................... 53 3.4.4. Working Hours .................................................................................................................................... 54 3.4.5. Living Conditions ............................................................................................................................... 54 3.4.6. Discrimination and Respectful Treatment .............................................................................. 55 4. Overall Evaluation and Recommendations for UTZ and CHs ............................................................... 56 4.1. Overall Evaluation ......................................................................................................................................... 56 4.2. Recommendations for UTZ and CHs ...................................................................................................... 62 Annex 1. Questionnaire ...............................................................................................................................................