<p>Online Table 1. The associations between IADL stage and sample persons' characteristics (N=7373) Stage 0 Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV No Mild Moderate Severe Complete No. (weighted column%) limitations limitations limitations limitations limitations Total 5134(100.0) 1232(100.0) 454(100.0) 439(100.0) 114(100.0) Age ≥70 - <75 2783(55.0) 512(41.3) 173(37.6) 118(27.2) 21(19.1) ≥75 - <80 1428(27.6) 342(28.7) 116(26.3) 106(24.8) 24(20.9) ≥80 - <85 691(13.0) 234(18.9) 101(21.7) 89(20.5) 28(24.6) ≥85 232(4.4) 144(11.1) 64(14.4) 126(27.4) 41(35.5) Gender Female 2965(57.1) 1021(82.5) 332(72.8) 294(67.7) 66(57.0) Male 2169(42.9) 211(17.5) 122(27.2) 145(32.3) 48(43.0) Race White 4464(89.5) 1058(89.0) 368(85.2) 365(86.2) 85(79.2) Black 479(6.6) 139(7.9) 63(10.1) 61(10.7) 20(13.0) Other 191(3.9) 35(3.2) 23(4.7) 13(3.1) 9(7.8) High school graduate No 1911(36.3) 567(44.4) 240(51.9) 244(54.8) 68(59.0) Yes 3223(63.7) 665(55.6) 214(48.1) 195(45.2) 46(41.0) Marital status Married 2998(59.1) 461(37.7) 175(38.8) 172(38.1) 54(48.4) Unmarried 2136(40.9) 771(62.3) 279(61.2) 267(61.9) 60(51.6) Health status Excellent 980(19.4) 87(7.5) 17(3.8) 30(6.9) 5(4.8) Very Good 1448(28.5) 212(16.9) 42(10.1) 52(11.9) 8(7.3) Good 1906(36.7) 422(34.9) 105(24.3) 121(28.9) 29(24.8) Fair 672(12.8) 369(29.3) 144(30.2) 133(29.3) 24(21.7) Poor 128(2.6) 142(11.2) 146(31.6) 103(22.9) 48(41.4) Hypertension No 3114(61.2) 572(46.9) 199(45.0) 224(51.6) 65(58.4) Yes 2020(38.8) 660(53.1) 255(55.0) 215(48.4) 49(41.6) Diabetes No 4664(91.0) 1028(83.7) 367(81.7) 350(79.3) 93(80.7) Yes 470(9.0) 204(16.3) 87(18.3) 89(20.7) 21(19.3) Cancer No 4370(84.8) 978(78.5) 370(81.5) 366(82.8) 97(83.7) Yes 764(15.2) 254(21.5) 84(18.5) 73(17.2) 17(16.3) Chronic bronchitis or emphysema No 4802(93.4) 1053(84.7) 363(79.7) 391(89.4) 104(91.4) Yes 332(6.6) 179(15.3) 91(20.3) 48(10.6) 10(8.6) Asthma No 4929(96.1) 1115(90.1) 401(88.8) 407(93.3) 108(94.1) Yes 205(3.9) 117(9.9) 53(11.2) 32(6.7) 6(5.9) Coronary artery disease No 4399(85.7) 889(71.3) 297(66.0) 309(70.1) 81(69.4) Yes 735(14.3) 343(28.7) 157(34.0) 130(29.9) 33(30.6) Other heart disease No 4873(94.9) 1110(90.0) 401(88.3) 394(89.0) 105(92.2) Yes 261(5.1) 122(10.0) 53(11.7) 45(11.0) 9(7.8) Stroke No 4928(96.0) 1121(90.8) 371(81.9) 342(77.9) 64(55.6) Yes 206(4.0) 111(9.2) 83(18.1) 97(22.1) 50(44.4) Arthritis No 3186(62.2) 413(33.5) 143(30.6) 195(44.2) 75(64.7) Yes 1948(37.8) 819(66.5) 311(69.4) 244(55.8) 39(35.3) Major depression* No 5087(99.6) 1204(98.8) 445(98.9) 423(98.6) 105(94.3) Yes 22(0.4) 13(1.2) 5(1.1) 6(1.4) 6(5.7) Blindness in both eyes* No 5058(99.6) 1201(98.6) 441(98.7) 380(88.9) 92(82.5) Yes 20(0.4) 18(1.4) 7(1.3) 50(11.1) 17(17.5) Deafness in both ears* No 4816(95.1) 1135(92.5) 413(91.3) 351(81.1) 92(82.9) Yes 251(4.9) 82(7.5) 35(8.7) 80(18.9) 19(17.1) Ever had broken hip* No 4958(97.8) 1154(94.7) 401(87.8) 387(88.5) 95(86.2) Yes 117(2.2) 66(5.3) 47(12.2) 47(11.5) 17(13.8) Fall* No 4369(85.6) 893(72.8) 263(57.2) 262(58.4) 77(68.9) Yes 730(14.4) 335(27.2) 190(42.8) 173(41.6) 35(31.1) Proxy use No 4598(89.5) 1092(89.0) 357(79.2) 177(41.1) 2(1.4) Yes 536(10.5) 140(11.0) 97(20.8) 262(58.9) 112(98.6) *Sample size is slightly less for these variables due to missing data: major depression (N=7316); blindness in both eyes (N=7284); deafness in both ears (N=7274); ever had broken hip (N=7289); fall (N=7327) Online Table 2. Number and weighted probability of 1-, 5-, and 10-year mortality at each score in the development and validation cohorts Score 1-year mortality 5-year mortality 10-year mortality No. Died/No. at Risk (%) No. Died/No. at Risk (%) No. Died/No. at Risk (%) Development Validation Development Validation Development Validation 0 20/1527 (1.2) 16/989 (1.7) 24/353 (7.0) 13/245 (5.0) 27/181 (15.7) 25/145 (16.9) 1 6/186 (3.8) 0/115 (0.0) 1/19 (5.0) 2/12 (16.7) 5/22 (20.2) 1/9 (10.7) 2 32/1474 (2.3) 27/1002 (2.8) 22/310 (6.7) 23/181 (12.5) 101/413 (24.0) 50/232 (20.5) 3 23/503 (4.5) 16/331 (4.8) 53/547 (9.3) 36/339 (10.2) 89/357 (24.0) 61/239 (23.8) 4 15/314 (5.2) 19/205 (8.4) 25/159 (16.3) 17/94 (16.8) 78/269 (29.8) 59/154 (39.8) 5 10/173 (5.4) 11/106 (11.1) 70/561 (12.2) 55/380 (14.3) 216/572 (37.1) 143/371 (38.1) 6 14/144 (9.3) 13/103 (13.0) 62/372 (17.0) 45/241 (19.6) 124/293 (43.3) 98/220 (44.8) 7 11/58 (18.9) 8/41 (20.0) 68/296 (22.3) 42/199 (22.5) 212/439 (48.5) 134/276 (48.7) 8 10/38 (27.6) 5/28 (16.4) 86/377 (22.1) 62/261 (23.7) 187/340 (55.0) 127/232 (55.0) 9 6/12 (44.7) 4/11 (39.2) 69/221 (31.6) 44/150 (29.9) 142/226 (61.1) 106/171 (62.5) 10 2/5 (35.4) 1/6 (11.6) 79/239 (33.8) 57/172 (33.7) 183/265 (69.3) 126/195 (66.1) 11 - 1/2 (55.7) 72/204 (33.6) 43/135 (32.2) 140/203 (70.3) 93/126 (73.7) 12 - - 50/134 (38.0) 38/97 (39.4) 127/167 (74.7) 69/100 (70.7) 13 - - 55/151 (36.3) 36/103 (35.5) 110/140 (77.5) 62/87 (72.8) 14 - - 38/103 (34.4) 41/82 (51.8) 99/125 (78.8) 50/70 (73.3) 15 - - 46/92 (49.3) 24/46 (53.5) 70/85 (82.4) 49/60 (83.3) 16 - - 45/82 (56.4) 31/57 (54.6) 61/74 (83.2) 53/58 (90.6) 17 - - 35/55 (64.9) 25/36 (69.1) 63/69 (92.0) 44/51 (85.7) 18 - - 25/36 (73.3) 16/29 (56.0) 38/41 (92.6) 33/34 (96.3) 19 - - 32/42 (75.5) 13/22 (62.7) 34/37 (89.6) 26/29 (89.6) ≥20 - - 70/81 (87.0) 43/58 (73.6) 108/116 (93.7) 75/80 (95.4) Total 149/4434(3.3) 121/2939(4.1) 1027/4434(22.8) 706/2939(24.0) 2214/4434(49.5) 1484/2939(50.3) C- statistics 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.72 0.75 0.74</p>