SOUTH TARAWA WATER AND SANITATION ROADMAP 2011 – 2030 VOLUME 1: MAIN REPORT 152 KOLMAR ROAD, PAPATOETOE PO BOX 23-273 TEL: 09-278 7078 WILLIAMS ROAD, PAIHIA PO BOX 154 TEL: 09-402 7838 South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Project TA-7359(KIR): Republic of Kiribati Water and Sanitation Roadmap 2011 to 2030 Produced For: Government of Kiribati and Asian Development Bank Fraser Thomas Partners, New Zealand December 2011 Tarawa Water and Sanitation Roadmap 2010 to 2030 Page i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 1 I. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 2 OVERALL APPROACH .................................................................................................... 2 3 GUIDING DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................. 3 4 LAYOUT OF THE ROADMAP – REPORT AND VOLUMES ..................................................... 3 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................... 3 II. THE SECTOR .......................................................................................................................... 4 6 IMPORTANCE AND RELEVANCE TO SOUTH TARAWA.................................................................. 4 6.1 PUBLIC HEALTH .................................................................................................................. 4 6.2 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................................................... 5 6.3 WATER SUPPLY .................................................................................................................. 6 6.4 SANITATION ........................................................................................................................ 7 7 GOVERNMENT SECTOR STRATEGY .......................................................................................... 8 8 SECTOR REGULATION, GOVERNANCE AND PLANNING .............................................................. 9 9 SECTOR SUPPORT AND FUTURE NEEDS ................................................................................ 11 III. DEVELOPMENT PARTNER SECTOR ACTIVITIES ............................................................ 12 10 INVOLVEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 12 10.1 KAP III ............................................................................................................................. 12 10.2 NEW ZEALAND AID PROGRAMME ....................................................................................... 13 10.3 SOUTH TARAWA SANITATION IMPROVEMENT SECTOR PROJECT ......................................... 14 IV. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES, CAPACITY AND PERFORMANCE ........................................ 15 11 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND UTILITIES (MPWU) ........................................................... 15 11.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 15 11.2 EXISTING MINISTRY POLICY MAKING AND REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITIES ........................ 15 11.3 FUTURE REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................... 15 11.4 PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ................................................................... 16 11.5 MPWU EXISTING STAFFING .............................................................................................. 16 11.6 TRAINING NEEDS .............................................................................................................. 16 11.7 FUTURE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................ 16 12 PUBLIC UTILITIES BOARD (PUB) ........................................................................................... 17 12.1 GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS FOCUS ................................................................................ 17 12.2 ORGANIZATION AND STAFFING .......................................................................................... 17 12.3 STAFFING AND WORKLOAD ............................................................................................... 18 12.4 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ................................................................................................ 18 12.5 TRAINING NEEDS .............................................................................................................. 19 12.6 TARIFFS............................................................................................................................ 20 12.7 ASSET MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................ 20 IV POPULATION, URBAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................. 22 13 PROCESS AND OUTCOMES .................................................................................................... 22 14 INTEGRATION WITH KIRIBATI DEVELOPMENT PLAN ................................................................. 22 15 SOUTH TARAWA – POPULATION SIZE, DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITIES ..................................... 22 15.1 POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................ 22 15.2 POPULATION DENSITIES .................................................................................................... 23 15.3 POPULATION GROWTH ...................................................................................................... 23 15.4 DISTRIBUTION OF GROWTH ............................................................................................... 23 15.5 POPULATION TRENDS ....................................................................................................... 23 16 SOUTH TARAWA - POPULATION PROJECTIONS ....................................................................... 24 16.1 NATURAL GROWTH AND IN-MIGRATION .............................................................................. 24 16.2 DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECTED GROWTH ............................................................................ 24 Reference: WS Roadmap JMH 141211 Tarawa Water and Sanitation Roadmap 2010 to 2030 Page ii 17 POPULATION FORECASTS ..................................................................................................... 24 18 LAND USE PLANNING ............................................................................................................ 26 19 LAND TENURE ...................................................................................................................... 26 20 OTHER LAND ........................................................................................................................ 26 21 IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND LAND SHORTAGE ....................................................... 26 21.1 WORSENING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LINKED TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION .......... 26 21.2 OTHER SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ............................................................................................ 27 21.3 PUBLIC SERVICES ............................................................................................................. 27 21.4 OTHER DEMANDS ............................................................................................................. 27 22 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................. 27 23 GLUPS AND POPULATION DENSITIES .................................................................................... 28 V WATER RESOURCE ASSESSMENT – URBAN GROUNDWATER LENSES ................... 29 24 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ................................................................................................... 29 25 BETIO, BAIRIKI AND BIKENIBEU FRESHWATER LENSES - SUSTAINABLE YIELD .......................... 29 25.1 APPROACH ....................................................................................................................... 29 25.2 MAPPING OF LENSES ........................................................................................................ 29 25.3 ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE YIELD ............................................................................... 30 25.4 FRESHWATER LENS VOLUMES AND RESILIENCE ................................................................. 30 25.5 ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND ................................................................................................. 31 25.6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .................................................................................................... 32 25.7 GROUNDWATER LENS MAPS AND DATA ............................................................................. 33 26 GROUNDWATER AND PUB WATER SUPPLY QUALITY ............................................................. 33 26.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY ....................................................... 33 26.2 LABORATORY AND FIELD ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 33 26.3 ASSESS IMPACT OF