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SDKs 29 Class libraries are An application programming interface is the Particular to Java, Abstract classes permit child explains Java technology by placing it in the context of related Java forums often discuss Java in Java developer become members of the JCP. is used to write ... class libraries 10 organized collections written or understood specification of how a interfaces are source code classes to inherit a defined method makes versions of a ... JVM 18 make versions of a ... JVM 18 Companies include Alternatively, developers can sign the syntax and 4 of prebuilt classes piece of software interacts with the outside files that define a set of or to create groups of related communities provides certify Java applications using IBM, Motorola, more limited Individual Expert The Java language has roots in C, Objective C, and functions used to world. It specifies what input the application functions (methods) that classes for polymorphic behavior. concepts and examples, and by defining its major components is represented on Nokia, Oracle, Participation Agreement (IEPA). SmallTalk, and LISP. keywords create other classes. or application component accepts, how the are required by a class. hosts Novell, Netscape, Class libraries can be software will behave, and what output it will Interfaces name methods Hewlett-Packard, 9 and the connections between them. It shows how developers from members includes alternate object-oriented programming language is based on the part of the Java provide. All computer software relies on a and set an expectation for specification leads 5 expert groups consist of members of Java Community overseen by the Executive 8 Apple, and BEA. standard – meaning variety of APIs to achieve tasks such as each method's behavior, are led by by led are draft and do the work of the implementations As opposed to a purely procedural they have been writing a file or displaying text. APIs often but do not implement the may be an use Java technology to create programs that benefit people SM There are two superclass (parent class) abstract class (spec leads) Process (JCP) develops Committee comments on Alternate implementations are written programming language. ratified by the Java depend on other APIs. methods. Interfaces allow has champion champion executive Community Process – a piece of code to be committees: to the same specification and pass the everywhere, and explains how computers and networks relate TCK, but can be licensed differently or created by 10 class libraries implement 13 APIs written in such a way that contain multiple contain multiple the by... ratified are J2EE/J2SE and individual developers define the code can work with J2ME. and may have enhanced features principles provide benefits and advantages subclass (child class) inherits methods and properties from a may rely on parent's onparent's rely may new define may existing override may to Java technology. beyond the reference for their own or their any type of class that such as such company's use. supports the interface. may also be a 3 Java Specification if accepted becomes a community may become a 6 public may become a new Java specification is instantiated in a Reference Implementation Such as the object object-oriented programming language 9 of... definition the is addedto model, inheritance, 14 interfaces explicit error handling 22 Request (JSR) A proposal to develop draft draft A Java specification describes & Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK) modularity, garbage collection 21 is submittedto some aspect of Java technology, abstraction, hierarchy, The diagram is intended to help developers who are familiar a new specification is added to the reduced development time security model 20 including language, virtual A Reference Implementation is implementation Runtime instances of classes. or significant revision definition of ... Java 0 11 JCP machines, platform editions, a working example of the JSR. hiding, information packages 15 may implement architecturally independent applications 19 to an existing spec. contain multiple may multiple contain may implement objects ability to write higher-quality code through used can be with one part of the Java platform understand other parts. It profiles, and APIs. Other companies will produce may be implemented in hiding, encapsulation, Java virtual machine 18 Java are runtime instances of ... classes 12 2 their own implementations. and polymorphism. more maintainable code have The TCK is a suite of tests, relates unfamiliar technologies to ones with which developers such as are created by methods and fields 0 tools, and documentation that features and benefits ability to call non-Java functions Program 7 maintenance provides a standard way of may already be familiar. The diagram also provides an overview administers the Java Native Interface (JNI) provides a method for calling native serialization logo chairs the may request major revisions via testing an implementation for Scope limits access to methods and properties. Levels include: Management Office lead compliance with a Java functions such as operating system or legacy library functions. In runtime, refers to the process of exists within may revise Classes are source 12 classes implement turning an object into a data stream for scope • public: can be called or manipulated freely specification. define for developers who are new to Java technology and an has a is which is distinguished by code files that running in RAM are purposes of transmission or storage. • protected: can be called or manipulated by a class in the same package describe a unit of • private: can be called or manipulated only by the same class. 0 is a 1 18 Architecturally dependent machines that are available may be categorized as introduction for non-programmers who want to improve their trademark for nearly every contemporary operating system. programming. A class are constrained by Java virtual machine relates a set of data TM (fields) and functions are distinguished by types field types can be primitives or object references ability to converse with developers. For more information, is defined by the Java virtual machine specification (methods) that use field or class types can be... classes 12 ... to refer (JVM ) the data. Primitives visit the web site at http://java.sun.com. generally enable have have enables 19 objects architecturally independent applications Inner classes reside inside basic math or enable inner classes methods constructors fields define a location to store data comparison constrained by by constrained are by constrained are manipulate manipulate another class, allowing consist of may are operations. Development process One application can run in multiple environments for better organization. Methods are defineinvo r begins with portability Fields are Concept Maps without being rewritten or recompiled. 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Java developers often use specific development environments everything – the forest and the trees – in a single view, concept called Integrated Development Environments, or IDEs. text editor compiler virtual machine debugger Application visual programming tools programming outline out lay create is usedto a by read are with problems helps identify allows adjustmentof... are used to buildthe usedto are compiles source code into codeinto source compiles in is stored byte codeinto translates Just-In-Time compilation maps help people visualize mental models and clarify thoughts. ed by A software utility Significantly improves virtual machine interface improv Notes that developers include to specification. that turns be performance by translating groups of statements declarations comments can be explain source code to andrun create to human-readable can instructions from byte code to machine Class structures improves can code rather than one instruction at a In running In running themselves and others. 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