<p>Supplementary Table 1 Patient characteristics of study subjects included in the systematic meta-analyses Author Year Country Aver Diagnostic criteria TP FP TN Sens- Spe Pretreatment agea itivity cif- PSA (ng/ml) ge icit y 11C-choline PET/CT Kitajima et al. 2014 America 65.7 Histopathologic findings or PSA 118 3 120 76% 97 5.26(0.58-68.3) level % Jilg et al. 2014 America 60.6 Histopathological analysis 102 26 23 92% 47 23.3±31.2(2.6- % 191.3) Heck et al. 2014 Germany 66.0 Morphological 8 3 30 57% 90 22 (7-29) % Mitchell et al. 2013 America 71.7 Histopathological analysis 106 11 35 93% 76 7.1 (0.0-102.0) % Giovacchini et al. 2012 Switzerlad 67.0 Histology 11 1 4 90% 44 0.71±0.33(0.23 % -1.49) Picchio et al. 2012 Italy 69.0 PSA level 24 0 51 89% 100 21.1 % Bergh et al. 2011 Germany 65.9 Epstein criteria 363 390 317 77% 45 10.8 (1.5-70.9) % Budiharto et al. 2011 Belgium 64.6 Diffusion-weighted imaging 3 1 19 19% 95 14.6 % Contractor et al. 2011 UK 67.7 Cross-sectional imaging 7 3 14 78% 82 44.25 (8.1-209) % Bertagna et al. 2011 Italy 70.0 PSA elevation 6 3 32 60% 91 5.9 % Watanable et al. 2010 Japan 72.2 Histopathological confirm 19 7 10 73% 59 6.7 (2.5-335.3) % Breeuwsma et al. 2010 Germany 71.0 Histopathological analysis 57 0 10 81% 100 23.2 (0.6-54.7) % Fuccio et al. 2010 Italy 70.2 Imaging data 19 0 3 86% 100 11.1 (0.2-37.7) % Giovacchini et al. 2010 Italy 67.0 Histopathological analysis/ 145 14 173 85% 93 3.77 Imaging data/clinical % Giovacchini et al. 2010 Italy 68.0 Histopathological analysis/ 65 10 85 87% 89 3.24(0.23-48.6) Imaging data/clinical % Winter et al. 2010 Germany 61.7 Updated Epstein criteria 6 0 10 100% 100 3.04 (0.5-9.55) % Rinnab et al. 2009 Germany 65.0 Standard uptake value 29 7 3 93% 36 25.7 (3.8-176) % Winter et al. 2009 Germany 60.8 PSA elevation 9 2 12 100% 86 3.04 (0.5-9.55) % Li et al. 2008 China 70.6 Histopathological analysis 19 4 24 90% 86 24.5 (1.1-100) % Schiavina et al. 2008 Italy 65.0 LN metastasis prediction 9 1 41 60% 98 16.5 (0.6-70.0) % Giovacchini et al. 2008 Italy 66.0 Visual assessment 48 27 20 72% 43 11.9 (0.2-33) % Reske et al. 2008 Germany 68.0 Imaging analysis 23 4 12 70% 75 2 (0.3-12.1) % Scher et al. 2007 Germany 64.0 Histopathological examination 32 8 13 86% 62 2.4-266 % Igerc et al. 2007 Austria 63.5 Tracer uptake defined as 5 8 7 100% 47 14.06(5.75- abnormal % 70.8) Testa et al. 2007 Italy 64.0 Tholine-plus-creatine to citrate 53 8 50 54% 86 13.9 (2.5-70) ratios % Rinnab et al. 2007 Germany 65.9 PSA levels 38 6 4 95% 40 3.62(0.41-13.1) % Scattoni et al. 2007 Italy 65.5 Morphologic criteria 19 2 4 100% 67 4.01 (6.0-18.0) % Reske et al. 2006 Germany 64.0 Histopathological criteria 363 61 426 81% 87 14.4 (2.8-64.3) % Martorana et al. 2006 Italy 64.0 Radical prostatectomy 107 15 80 66% 84 12 (2.5-70) histopathology % Farsad et al. 2005 Italy 64.0 Step-section histopathologic 35 3 2 97% 42 12.3 (2.0-70) result % Kotzerke et al. 2000 Germany 63.0 Unclear 1 1 9 50% 90 23.5 (4.3-76.2) % 18F-FCH PET/CT Poulsen et al. 2012 Denmark 65.5 Histological result 30 21 148 73% 87 20.3 (1-108) % Oprea-Lager et 2012 Sweden 63.0 Histological result 35 1 16 95% 94 -- al. % Panebianco et al. 2012 Italy -- TRUS-biopsy result 48 2 1 92% 33 1.9 / PSA level % Langsteger et al. 2011 Austria 66.0 European Medicines Agency 20 2 16 91% 89 -- % McCarthy et al. 2011 Austria -- 150 1 26 96% 96 1.6-250 % Beheshti et al. 2010 Austria 68.0 FCH-PET and CT 207 3 96 79% 97 39.65 (0.1-239) % Beheshti et al. 2010 Austria 63.0 FCH-PET and CT 18 4 86 45% 96 27 (0.25-462) % Poulsen et al. 2010 Denmark 66.2 Histological result 3 1 21 100% 95 20.1 (6-60) % Steuber et al. 2010 Germany 65.0 Morphologic criteria 0 0 254 0% 100 8.1-27 % Pelosi et al. 2008 Italy 68.0 Serum PSA testing 24 1 26 83% 96 4.59 (0.1-39) % Pelosi et al. 2007 Italy 67.9 Unclear 24 1 26 100% 96 7.15 ± 9.77 % Husarik et al. 2007 Switzerlan 63.0 Histopathological analysis 1 0 22 50% 100 11.58 (0.6-162) d % Vees et al. 2007 Switzerlan 62.0 Unclear 3 2 1 38% 33 0.35(0.11-0.73) d % Hacker et al. 2006 Austria 63.9 McNemar test 1 2 8 10% 80 27.1 (9.2-100) % Kwee et al. 2005 America 69.0 histology 64 17 16 93% 48 1.5-222 % 11C-acetate PET/CT Haseebuddin et 2013 America 61.0 Histological findings 17 18 64 68% 78 11.8(1.4-225.4) al. % Mena et al. 2012 America 58.0 Multiparametric MRI and 47 37 66 73% 64 7.03 ± 8.88 pathology % (1.07-53.5) Jambor et al. 2012 Finland 65.0 MRI 44 13 9 88% 41 -- % Jambor et al. 2010 Finland 63.9 Biopsy findings 28 5 2 80% 29 10.1 ± 6.8 (2.9- % 30.0) Wachter et al. 2006 Austria 66.0 Unclear 12 1 3 92% 75 -- % 18F-FDG PET/CT Yang et al. 2014 China 66.3 PSA levels or metastatic lesions 13 25 55 65% 68 -- % Damle et al. 2013 India 65.0 McNemar test 23 0 17 72% 100 -- % Hwang et al. 2012 Korea 73.0 DRE, PSA, biopsy 20 65 32 87% 33. -- 3% Shiiba et al. 2012 Japan 72.4 Gleason score and histological 58 18 72 62% 80 181.3 ± 433.2 type % Minamimoto et 2010 Japan 68.3 FDG 27 36 112 52% 76 -- al. % TRTE Nygard et al. 2014 Norway 64.2 D’Amico criteria 27 11 52 42% 83 9.2 (2.2-14.4) % Xu et al. 2014 China 68.8 Repeat biopsy 35 44 100 69% 69 4-10 % Zhang et al. 2014 China 66.6 Systematic biopsy 17 4 16 78% 79 -- % Brock et al. 2013 Germany 63.4 Histopathologic findings 27 8 22 49% 74 -- % Taverna et al. 2013 Italy 64.5 PSA,DRE, Biopsy sampling 7 25 48 24% 66 5.92 (2.5-10) % Rausch et al. 2012 Germany 63.8 10-12 core Randomised prostate 121 36 98 52% 73 6.40 biopsy % Zhang et al. 2012 China 68.6 Biopsy specimens result 35 6 30 75% 83 -- % Giurgiu et al. 2011 Romania 68.0 Histopathology findings 19 14 23 68% 62 -- % Kapoor et al. 2011 India 62.1 10-core Biopsy 11 5 33 92% 87 12.6 (9.8-14.4) % Yan et al. 2011 China 69.6 Gleason score 44 10 26 92% 72 -- % Aigner et al. 2010 America 57.4 10-core Systematic biopsy 20 31 40 87% 56 -- % Romagoli et al. 2010 Italy 66.8 Biopsy 18 11 65 56% 86 14 % Tsutsumi et al. 2010 Japan 65.0 Biopsy 86 29 157 81% 84 13.3 (4.1-94) % Ferrari et al. 2009 Italy 61.3 Biopsy 20 11 34 51% 75 -- % Eggert et al. 2008 Germany -- PSA levels 84 18 144 45% 89 -- % Kamoi et al. 2008 Japan 68.4 Biopsy 27 13 54 68% 81 -- % Pallwein et al. 2008 Austria -- Strain imaging findings 146 91 233 87% 72 -- % Pallwein et al. (1) 2007 Austria 62.3 Systematic biopsy 68 91 58 84% 49 ≥ 1.25 % Pallwein et al. (2) 2007 Austria 56.0 Histopathological findings 28 4 81 80% 95 4.6 (1.4-16.1) % Sumura et al. 2007 Japan 69.1 Pathological results 30 13 97 71% 88 10.5 (3.7-50.7) % Tsutsumi et al. 2007 Japan 64.0 Clinicopathological findings 141 71 108 82% 60 11 (3.2-32) % Cochlin et al. 2002 UK 64.0 Grey-scale images and Biopsy 24 9 44 51% 83 12 (5-200) % SWE Correas et al. 2015 UK 65.0 Transrectal US–guided 124 143 808 96% 85 7.07 (0.2-60) systematic biopsy results % Ahmad et al. (1) 2013 UK 69.0 Histopathology 30 2 15 90% 88 < 20 % Ahmad et al. (2) 2013 UK 69.0 Histopathology 31 1 16 93% 93 > 20 % Barr et al. 2012 America 64.2 Biopsy 25 11 281 96% 96 5.05 %</p>