<p>Forensic Final Review Sheet</p><p>Know the following:</p><p>Law & History</p><p>What does forensics mean?</p><p>People – Orfila, Bertillon, Galton, Osborne, Lattes, Goddard, Gross, Kirk, LOCARD</p><p>Quantitative vs Qualitative</p><p>Felony vs Misdemeanor</p><p>What makes evidence admissible in court (Relevance & competence)</p><p>Expert witness vs lay witness </p><p>Crime scene investigation</p><p>Chain of custody</p><p>How to package evidence properly (what is necessary / what isn’t)</p><p>Locard’s exchange principal</p><p>Direct vs circumstantial evidence (physical or biological) </p><p>7 S’s of crime scene investigation (steps in a crime scene)</p><p>Types of crime scene searches (zone, line, & spiral)</p><p>Who does what at the crime scene (first responder, lead investigator, etc…) </p><p>Fingerprints</p><p>Epidermis vs Dermis</p><p>When they form in the womb (weeks)</p><p>What skin layer creates the fingerprints</p><p>Identify: Arch (plain or tented) , Whorl, & Loops (radial or ulnar)</p><p>Ridge characteristics (bifurcation, island, bridge, etc…)</p><p>Patent vs Plastic vs latent prints</p><p>DNA Profiling</p><p>What is DNA profiling (straight off slides)</p><p>What are the 4 steps in DNA profiling</p><p>What are the chances of 2 people having exactly the same DNA profile?</p><p>Who gives mitochondrial DNA (mom or dad)</p><p>Hair</p><p>What kind of evidence is hair (biological class) unless what?</p><p>Absorb (from within) vs adsorb (added to outside)</p><p>Cuticle / cortex / medulla</p><p>3 kinds of cuticle: Coronal / spinous / imbricate Medulla: intermittent or interrupted / fragmented / continuous / stacked / absent</p><p>Anagen / catagen / telogen</p><p>How fast does hair grow per month? (1 cm)</p><p>Fiber</p><p>What kind of evidence is fiber (class? Individual? )</p><p>Wayne Williams case (pg 76)</p><p>Spiders web organ </p><p>Tests used to determine fiber (microscopic observation, burn test, & chemical test)</p><p>Blood</p><p>What kind of evidence is blood?</p><p># pints in average human body (10)</p><p>3 questions to ask when encountering possible blood at crime scene (in order)</p><p>Agglutination (antigen + ? = agglutination)</p><p>Presumptive blood tests</p><p>Back spatter, swipe, cast off, & bloodstain transfer </p><p>Low velocity, medium velocity, & high velocity impact spatters</p><p>Area of convergence</p><p>Documents</p><p>Identify what ISN’T one of the 12 points of handwriting analysis</p><p>Graphology</p><p>Forgery</p><p>Chroatography</p><p>Ballistics</p><p>What is ballistics</p><p>Internal, external, & terminal ballistics</p><p>Firearms identification</p><p>How a gun works (4 steps off ppt)</p><p>Lands vs groves </p><p>Parts of a cartridge</p><p>Order bullet holes in glass due to fractured glass patterns</p><p>Death</p><p>Cause / Mechanism / Manner of Death</p><p>Entomology / Livor mortis / Algor mortis / Rigor mortis</p><p>Anthropology </p><p> bones used to determine race / gender Marijuana stays in body for up to 2 months depending on body fat % </p><p>Veisalgia = Hangover (Greek /Norwegian)</p><p>Depressant = suppresses respiration, causes lethargy & sleepiness </p><p>Stimulant = increase respiration & wakes</p><p>BAC = Blood Alcohol Content</p><p>Meningies = connective tissue in head that gives up “excess” liquid during extreme dehydration</p><p>Spinneret = a spider silk spinning organ</p><p>Poison = any substance that can cause death</p>