<p>Supplementary data</p><p>Table S1. Review of cases with hyponatremia.</p><p>Case Se Age K+ Na+ Cl- Cause of death Comment no x 1 51 M 16.4 63 38 Drowning Fresh water. 2 83 F 15.1 74 55 Drowning Fresh water. 3 62 F 28.0 91 66 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Insulin syringe with high dose found next to body. 4 64 F 17.2 91 70 Chronic alcoholism Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Gastrointestinal bleeding 5 54 M 27.4 91 62 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. and fatty liver Intoxication (zopiclone, 6 23 M 32.9 93 80 Found outside. alcohol) 7 46 M 32.3 95 73 Chronic liver disease Chronic alcoholism. 8 46 F 35.5 97 81 Drowning Bath tub. 9 65 F 27.8 99 75 Inconclusive Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 10 78 M 25.0 100 82 Drowning Fresh water. Found dead at home. Ascites. peritonitis. chronic 11 49 M 25.6 101 82 Duodenal ulcer alcoholism. 12 57 M 22.6 101 79 Subdural hematoma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 13 75 M 19.9 101 86 Drowning Fresh water. 14 66 F 23.5 101 75 Heart disease Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 15 54 M 22.5 102 84 Intoxication (caffeine) Discussed in article. 16 44 M 23.5 102 63 Blood loss Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Cervical fracture, massive 17 63 M 25.9 102 77 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. blood loss (fall) 18 43 F 14.4 102 84 Myocarditis, pneumonia Found dead at home. Schizophrenia. 19 84 M 16.7 102 84 Drowning Bath tub. 20 65 M 20.5 102 74 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 21 60 M 14.9 103 83 Liver failure Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Lot of empty 22 67 M 21.5 103 79 Coronary sclerosis beer cans. 23 63 M 14.8 103 78 Ligature strangulation Found dead at home. 24 48 M 27.4 104 78 Coronary sclerosis Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 25 58 M 21.4 104 86 Heart failure Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Inconclusive, possibly 26 41 M 11.7 104 88 Discussed in article. related to heart disease 27 33 M 13.2 104 82 Pulmonary embolism Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 28 65 M 15.7 104 78 Mallory-Weiss syndrome Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 29 56 F 19.3 105 78 Inconclusive Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 30 60 F 20.3 105 88 Inconclusive Found dead at home. Fat embolism after 31 61 M 22.1 105 89 Died 1 day later in hospital. broken hip 32 55 F 12.4 106 86 Cardiomyopathy Found dead home. Antipsychotic medication. 33 47 F 20.9 106 101 Pneumonia Found dead at home. 34 71 M 15.7 106 84 Coronary sclerosis Found dead at home. 35 55 F 20.6 107 92 Drowning Fresh water. 36 17 M 24,7 107 95 Drowning Fresh water. 37 66 M 18.5 107 87 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. Alimemazine, olanzapine, 38 60 M 7.6 107 89 Inconclusive duloxetine. 39 64 M 21.7 107 82 Pancreatitis Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Fat embolism after 40 91 M 24.3 107 88 Died 1/2 day later in hospital. broken arm and hip 41 39 M 17.8 108 88 Stomach cancer Found dead at home. 42 57 F 4.7 108 83 Cardiac steatosis Chronic alcoholism. Overweight. 43 55 F 23 108 76 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Acute myocardial 44 59 M 10.1 108 86 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. infarction 45 65 M 14.1 108 78 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 46 23 M 19.9 108 121 Skull fracture. brain injury Died after 3 days in hospital. 47 56 F 20.4 108 81 Pancreatitis Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 48 56 M 21.9 109 92 Drowning Outdoor pool. 49 50 M 12.5 109 91 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 50 58 F 14.5 109 87 Esophagitis with rupture Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 51 56 M 9.2 110 84 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 52 52 M 15.2 110 86 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 53 55 M 10.2 110 93 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 54 55 M 8.2 110 90 Coronary sclerosis Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 55 56 F 13.2 111 96 Foreign Body Aspiration Antipsychotic medication. 56 62 M 15.8 111 91 Heart failure Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Blood loss after fall on 57 66 M 17.7 111 83 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. glass vase Acute myocardial 58 85 F 19.0 111 87 Died in hospital. Myeloid leukemia. infarction 59 50 M 7.2 112 96 Bleeding esophagitis Chronic alcoholism. Found unconscious outside. Died in hospital same day. 60 48 M 16.8 112 86 Hepatorenal syndrome Chronic alcoholism and drug abuse. Chronic alcoholism. Drinking binge one week without 61 55 F 8.5 112 95 Intoxication (sertraline) food intake 62 48 M 10.5 112 93 Pulmonary embolism Died in care facility. 63 72 M 14.8 112 98 Drowning Fresh water Dizzy and fever for some days. Falls, seizures and 64 48 M 16.2 113 100 Pneumonia vomits, dies in hospital same day. 65 54 M 8.2 113 82 Gastrointestinal bleeding Alcoholic ketoacidosis. Found dead at home. Bleeding gastric ulcer, inhaled 66 58 M 17.3 113 97 Brain contusion blood. 67 93 F 7.3 113 86 Water intoxication Vomiting and excessive water intake days before death 68 57 F 7.6 113 87 Side effects of medication Found dead at home. Antipsychotic medication. 69 60 M 15.5 113 94 Alcohol intoxication Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism.</p><p>70 50 K 18.3 113 92 Pancreatitis Found deat at home. Chronic alcoholism Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism, liver 71 47 M 17.8 113 88 Inconclusive cirrhosis. 72 57 F 5.4 114 87 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. Ingestion of alkaline fluid some 73 50 M 16.8 114 84 Esophageal bleeding day earlier. Also high glucose and acetone in vitreous. Bleeding esophageal 74 60 M 9.6 115 95 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. varices 75 65 M 12.4 115 99 Drowning Fresh water. 76 47 F 4.5 115 88 Metastatic Cancer Found dead at home. </p><p>77 45 M 16.1 115 103 Drowning Brackish water 78 73 F 7.4 116 98 Drowning Bath tub. 79 52 M 6.6 116 98 Drowning Fresh water. 80 91 F 10.3 116 101 Drowning Fresh water. 81 58 M 13.5 116 105 Drowning Fresh water. Chronic alcoholism. 82 51 M 10.9 116 100 Liver cancer Found outside. Chronic alcoholism. 83 36 F 12.5 117 104 Drowning Bath tub. 84 59 F 12.8 117 97 Intoxication/drowning Bath tub. 85 50 M 4.9 117 98 Cardiomyopathy Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism, overweight. 86 50 M 9.2 118 101 Pneumonia Found outside. Chronic alcoholism. Laceration of aorta, jump 87 81 F 9.9 118 102 from window Bleeding esophageal 88 55 F 10.5 118 97 Found outside. Chronic alcoholism. varices 89 50 M 9.0 118 97 Cardiomyopathy Found dead at home. Chronic enteritis. Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism, liver 90 64 M 6.5 119 95 Inconclusive cirrhosis. 91 46 M 10.5 120 98 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 92 65 K 8.3 121 82 Inconclusive Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 93 78 M 9.2 121 103 Drowning Fresh water. 94 68 K 9.0 121 101 Hanging Chronic heart failure. 95 52 M 7.3 121 94 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism, pancreatitis. Heart disease, pulmonary 96 63 M 6.0 123 96 Found dead at home. embolism</p><p>Table S2. Review of cases with hypernatremia.</p><p>Case Age Sex K+ Na+ Cl- Cause of death Comment no Acute myocardial 97 59 M 38.8 126 106 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. infarction 98 74 M 30.6 136 112 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism.</p><p>99 94 K 27.0 137 115 Inconclusive Found dead at home. 100 59 M 38.0 139 108 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism, pancreatitis. 101 59 M 27.0 140 121 Pneumonia Chronic alcoholism.</p><p>102 72 M 22.9 141 122 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Subdural hematoma. 103 39 M 22.7 142 127 Pneumonia Died in hospital a week after heroin overdose. 104 67 M 26.7 142 117 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 105 47 M 22.4 142 125 Intoxication (clozapine) Found dead at home.</p><p>106 18 M 20.9 143 127 Brain injury Car accident. Died 1 day later in hospital. Carbon monoxide 107 42 F 24.8 143 128 Found in closet with three disposable grills intoxication 108 40 M 19.4 144 133 Chest injuries Motorcycle accident. Intoxication 109 72 M 20.2 144 121 Found dead at home. (ketobemidon) Spontaneous, 110 82 F 23.0 144 127 subarachnoidal Found dead at home. bleeding Alcoholic 111 73 M 20.8 144 124 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. cardiomyopathy Spontaneous, 112 65 M 26.5 145 120 subarachnoidal Found dead at home bleeding Acute myocardial 113 78 M 24.3 145 124 Found dead at home infarction 114 82 M 20.4 145 144 Coronary sclerosis Found dead at home Parachute accident. Non hodgkins lymphoma. Died during 115 24 M 19.3 145 122 Multiple trauma surgery 116 83 M 17.1 146 124 Inconclusive Heart disease. Fresh rib fractures. Traumatic subdural 117 69 M 16.7 146 134 hemorrhage Found dead at home. Acute nephritis. Spontaneous cerebral 118 54 M 27.1 147 116 Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. bleeding Intoxication 119 63 M 22.5 147 125 (paroxetine) 120 14 F 21.6 148 138 Pneumonia Died in hospital 7 days after inhaling butane gas. Hypertrophic Died after 3 days in hospital after loss of consciousness 121 16 M 30.4 148 135 cardiomyopathy during basket ball game. 122 13 F 20.1 148 134 Hanging Died after 3 days in hospital. 124 85 F 23.5 148 129 Pneumonia Found dead at home. 125 45 M 18.1 149 137 Pneumonia Died in hospital after being hit by a car 4 days earlier.</p><p>126 19 M 13.5 149 135 Stabwounds in chest Died same day during surgery. Acute ischemic heart 127 53 M 16.4 150 130 Found dead at home. injury Demented woman, no fluid or food intake days before 128 86 F 28.1 150 132 Pneumonia death. 129 54 M 15.8 150 134 Brain tumor Brain surgery, died 4 weeks later in hospital. 130 82 F 13.6 150 129 Stroke Found dead at home.</p><p>131 56 M 10.9 151 134 Gunshot to head Died 1 week later in hospital. Girl with intellectual disability, excessive vomiting prior to 132 12 F 23.5 151 132 Dehydration death. Acute ischemic heart 133 89 F 18.6 151 125 Found dead at home. Severe underweight. injury 134 14 M 11.2 152 134 Blood loss Knife injury. Died during surgery. Acute myocardial 135 75 M 23.0 152 126 Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. infarction Alcoholic 136 51 M 20.0 152 137 Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. cardiomyopathy Subdural hematoma 137 53 M 19.0 152 125 Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. after fall Gastrointestinal 138 49 M 9.7 152 131 bleeding Dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Carbon monoxide 139 66 M 10.4 152 124 Found dead at home, oven gas turned on. intoxication 140 74 M 16.8 153 134 Pneumonia Motorcycle accident. Died after 3 weeks in hospital. Died after 12 days in hospital after circulatory arrest, cause 141 58 F 13.2 153 135 Pneumonia unknown. Traumatic subdural 142 44 M 8.8 153 140 Died 2 weeks later in hospital. hemorrhage 143 37 M 9.6 154 136 Multiple chest injuries Motorcycle accident, died after 3 hours in hospital. Spontaneous Was found outside with minor head injury. Died 12 days 144 56 M 9.2 154 135 subarachnoidal later in hospital. bleeding (aneurysm) 145 72 M 10.1 154 135 Pneumonia Found dead at home. 146 51 M 13.5 154 126 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Subarachnoidal 147 44 M 16.2 154 139 Traffic accident. Died 2 days later in hospital. bleeding Spontaneous 148 53 F 8.5 155 139 subarachnoidal Died 1 day later in hospital. bleeding (aneurysm) 149 50 M 9.5 155 136 Brain injury Traffic accident. Died 2 days later in hospital. Intoxication 150 21 F 8.6 155 126 Died 1 day later in hospital. (venlafaxine) 151 18 F 8.2 155 139 Brain injury Fall from balcony. Died same day in hospital. 152 15 F 10.4 155 141 Brain injury Fall from 6th floor. Died 3 days later at hospital. 153 52 M 22.8 155 135 Inconclusive Found dead at home. Pressure ulcers. Chronic alcoholism. 154 53 M 8.0 155 143 Subdural bleeding Fall. Died 6 days later in hospital. 155 72 F 18.2 155 133 Stroke Found dead at home. Acute myocardial 156 92 F 12.3 156 140 Adrenal carcinoma. infarction Spontaneous subdural 157 82 M 13.3 156 134 Found dead at home. bleeding Intoxication 158 69 F 12.6 158 133 Found dead at home. (nitrazepam) 159 84 F 13.6 158 137 Pneumonia Found dead at home. 160 64 F 8.4 159 143 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Found outside unconscious with subarachnoidal bleeding. 161 65 M 15.2 159 136 Pneumonia Died 3 months later in hospital. Broken arm a few days earlier, did not seek medical care. 162 77 M 16.8 161 143 Pulmonary embolism Chronic alcoholism. Carbon monoxide 163 42 F 24.8 143 128 Found dead in closet with disposable grills. intoxication 164 11 M 10.5 161 144 Hanging Died 2 days later in hospital. 165 65 M 9.8 162 140 Subdural bleeding Fall. Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Blood loss due to hip 166 85 M 8.7 163 147 Found dead at home. fracture Acute myocardial 167 85 F 10.8 165 137 Found dead at home. infarction 168 56 M 11.8 165 148 Brain injury (fall) Died during surgery one day later. Chronic alcoholism. 169 72 F 7.9 166 130 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Intoxication (diazepam. 170 22 F 12.7 166 155 Died 6 days after intoxication in hospital. dextropropoxifen) 171 85 F 10.4 167 144 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Parkinson´s disease. 172 52 M 10.8 169 140 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 173 63 M 8.9 171 148 Subdural bleeding Found unconscious at home. Died 1 day later in hospital. 174 69 M 33.2 171 149 Brain injury Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 175 63 M 25.6 171 153 Pneumonia Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. Severe 176 62 F 6.7 172 160 Heart disease underweight. 177 61 M 11.4 176 152 Diabetic coma Found dead at home. Chronic alcoholism. 178 52 F 9.5 177 162 Intoxication (insulin) Died 3 weeks later in hospital. Head injury. Died 1 month later in hospital. No fluid intake 179 97 F 11.8 178 157 Pulmonary embolism days before death. Pneumonia, kidney Found dead at home with pressure ulcers. Died same day 180 63 M 6.5 178 134 failure in hospital.</p>