Listen to a Conversation Between a Student and a Professor

托福 TPO12 套听力真题（文本）小马过河为大家准备了“托福 TPO12 套听力真题（文本）”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。TPO-12TPO 12 – Listening PartPart 1 - Script:TPO 12 - Conversation1NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.StudentSo Professor Tibets,your notessaid that you want to see me about my heavy-weight paper. Ihave to say that grade wasn’t what I was expecting. I thought I’d done a prettygood job.ProfessorOh, you did. But do you really want to settle for pretty good when you can do something verygood?StudentYou think it can be verygood?ProfessorAbsolutely!StudentWould that mean you’d…I could get a bettergrade?Professor全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Oh, sorry! It’s not for your grade. It's…Ithink you could learn a lot by revising it.StudentYou mean, rewrite the whole thing? I really swamped. There’re deadlines whereverI turn and… and I don’t reallyknow how much time I could give it.ProfessorWell, it is a busy time,with spring breakcoming up next week.It’s your call.But Ithink with all a littleextra effort,you could reallyturn this into a fine essay.StudentNo… yeah…I mean, afterI read your comments,I...Ican see how it triesto do too much.ProfessorYeah. It’s just too ambitious for the scope of the assignment.StudentSo Ishould cut out the historical part?ProfessorYes. Iwould just stick tothe topic. Anything unrelated to theuse ofnatureEMITRYhas no place in thepaper. All that tangentialmaterialjust distracted from the main argument.StudentYeah, Inever know how much to include. You know…whereto draw the line?ProfessorTellme about it! All writersstruggled without one. But it’s something you can全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 learn. That will becomemore clear with practice.But I think if you just cut out the…emm…StudentThe stuff about history, but if Icut out those sections, won’t it be too short?ProfessorWell, bettera short well-structured paper than a long paper that poorly-structured and wanders off topic.StudentSo allI have todo is to leave those sections?ProfessorWell, not so fast. Afteryou cut out those sections, you’ll have to go back and revise the rest,to see how it all fits together.And of course,you’ll have to revise the introduction too, to accuratelydescribe what you do in the body of the paper.But that shouldn’t be too difficult. Just remember to keepthe discussion focused. Do you thinkyou can getit to me by noon tomorrow?StudentWow…emm…I have so much…er…but I’ll try.ProfessorOK, good! Do try!But if you can’t,well, sure for after spring break, OK?TPO12 – Lecture 1Narrator全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Listen to part ofa lecturein a Biology Class.ProfessorAs we learn more about the DNA in human cellsand how it controls the growth and development ofcells, then maybe we can explain a veryimportant observation, that when we tryto grow most human cells in libratory, theyseem programmed todivide only a certain number oftimesbefore theydie. Now this differs with the type ofcell. Some cells, like nervecells, only divide seven to nine times in their totallife. Others,like skin cells, will divide many,many more times. Butfinally the cellsstop renewing themselvesand theydie. And in the cellsof the human body itself,in the cellsof everyorgan, ofalmost everytype of tissues in the body, the same thing will happen eventually.OK, you know that allof persons’ geneticinformation is contained on verylong piecesof DNA called Chromosomes. 46 ofthem are in thehuman cells that’s23 pairs of these Chromosomes areof verylengths and sizes. Now if you look at this rough drawing of one of them,one Chromosome is about to divide into two. You see that it sort of looks like, wellactually it’s much more complex than this but it reminds us a couple of springs linked togetherto coil up piecesofDNA.And if you stretch them out you willfind theycontain certain genes, certain sequences of DNAthat help to determine how the cells ofthe body will develop. When researcherslook reallycarefully at the DNAin Chromosomes though, theywere amazed,we all were,to find that only a fraction of it,maybe全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 20-30%, convertsinto meaningful genetic information. It’s incredible; at least it was to me.But if you took awayall the DNA that codesfor genes, you still have maybe 70% of theDNA left over. That’s the so-called JUNK DNA. Though the word junk is used sort of towniescheek.The assumption is that eventhese DNA doesn’t make up anyof the genesit must serve some other purpose. Anyway, if weexamine these ends ofthese coils of DNA,we will find a sequence of DNA at each end of everyhumanChromosome, called a telomere.Now a telomere is a highlyrepetitious and geneticallymeaningless sequence of DNA,what we were calling JUNK DNA.But it doeshave anyimportant purpose; it is sort of like the plastic tip on each end of shoelace. Itmeans not help you tieyour shoe but that little plastic tip keepsthe restof the shoelace, theshoe string from unraveling into weakand useless threads. Well, the telomere at theend ofChromosomes seems todo about thesame thing---protect thegenes thegenetically functional parts oftheChromosome from being damaged. Everytimethe Chromosome divides,everytime one celldivides into two. Piecesof theends of the Chromosome, the telomere,get broken off. So after each division, thetelomere getsshorter and one of thethings that may happen after a while is that piecesof the genes themselves getbroken off the Chromosomes. So the Chromosome is now losing important genetically information and is no longer functional. Butas long as the telomeresare at certain length theykeep this from happening. So it seemsthat, when the,by looking at thelength ofthe telomeres on specific全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Chromosomes we can actually predict prettymuch how long certain cells can successfully go on dividing. Other some cellsjust seem to keepon dividing regardless which mean not be always a good thing if it getsout ofcontrol.But when we analyze the cellschemically we find something veryinteresting, a chemicalin them,and an enzyme called telomerase. Asbits of thetelomere breakoff from the end ofChromosome, this chemical, thistelomerase can rebuild it,can help resemble the protectedDNA, the telomere that theChromosome is lost. Someday we may be able to take anycelland keep it alive functioning and reproducing itselfessentially foreverthrough the use of telomerase.And in the future we may have virtually immortal nerve cellsand immortalskin cellsof whateverbecause ofthese chemical, telomerase can keep thetelomereon the endsof Chromosomes from getting any shorter.TPO12 – Lecture 2NarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a Business ClassProfessorOk, as we’ve talked about a keyaspect of running a successful business is knowing, um, getting a good sense ofwhat thecustomer actually wants, and how theyperceive your product. So with that in mind, I want to describe a very simple method of researching customer preference,and it is becoming increasingly common, it'scalled----MBWA----which stands for managing by全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 wandering around. Now,MBWA,that's not the most technicalsounding name you've everheard, but it describes the processpretty accurately.Hereis how it works.Basically, Um, theidea is that business ownersor business managers just go out and actually talkto their customers, and learn more about how wellthe business is serving their needs,and tryto see what the customer experiences, because that's a great wayto discover for yourself, how your product is perceived,what the strengthsand weaknesses are,you know,how to you can improved it that sort of thing, you know Dortans, theymake soup and can vegetablesand such. Well, the head of thecompany, had Dortans’topped executiveswalk around supermarkets, um, asking shoppers what theythought of Dortans’soup, and he use the data to make changes to the company's product, Imean, when Dortans ofall the companies, embracessomething as radical as MBWA, it reallyshow you how popular thetheoryhas become, yes,Lisa?Student ABut thisis dangerous to base decisions on information from a small sample of people? Isit large scale marketresearch safer getting data on a lot ofpeople?ProfessorThat's a good question, and wellI don't want topretend that W… MBWA is some sort of,um, replacementfor othermethods of customerresearch. Now, the marketresearch data definitely can give you a good idea of, um, ofthe big全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 picture,but MBWA is reallyuseful kind offilling in the blanks, you know, getting a good underground sense of how you products you use, and how people need respond to them,and Yes,the numbers ofopinion you getis small so you do needto be careful, but, good business managers will tellyou that the big fear theyhave an.. .and one of the most frequent problems theycome across is wellbecoming out of touch with what their customersreally want and need, you know surveys and marketresearch stuff like that,theycan only tellyou so much about what the customersactually want in their day-to-day lives.Managing bywandering around on the other hand, that get you in there give you a good sense about what customersneedsso. So when use combination then,MBWA and marketresearch werethe powerful tools. Oh, hereis another example for you, um, see you executive for a clothing manufacture. It was, um,Lken,Lken jeans you know, theywent in workin thestore for a few days, selling Lken's cloths. Now that give thema verydifferent idea about their product, theysaw how people responded to it; theycould go up to customers in thestore asked questions about it, yes Mike?Student BWell, Iwould think that a lot ofcustomerswill be bothered by,you know, if I'm shopping, I don't know if I want some business representativescoming up to me and asking me questions, it's.. It'slike when I got phone callat home from marketing researchers,I just hang up them全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 ProfessorOh, well, it'scertainly true that wellno one likes getting calls at home from marketresearchersor people like that,but I will tellyou something. Most customershave exact oppositereaction when theycomesto MBWA. Now, don't ask me why,because I reallyhave no idea, but the fact is that customers tend to respond really wellto MBWA,which is thekeyreason for a success. In fact,the techniquesof MBWA worksso well, theyhave actually been extended to all kinds of different contactslike politics for instance, Um, a few years back, the major of Botamore,Um..I can guess its name is Shapher or something like that. Anyway,he decided that the best way to serve the people of thecity,of his city, wasactually get out there in it and experience the things that theyexperienced,so he right around the cityin, you know, allparts ofit, and he see all theprattles; he see how thetrash was sometimes, um, not pick up but off side the streetand then theygo back to the office and theywrite these memos, and these memosto stuff about theproblems he had seen, and how theyneeded to be fixed, you know that sort ofthing, but the thing is he got all theinformation just by going around and seeing the different Botamore neighborhoods and talking to thepeople in them, and he called it--- small politics, we'd callit MBWA,or just, playing good customer service.Part 2 - Script:TPO12 – Conversation2Narrator全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Listen to a conversation between a student and a DepartmentSecretary.StudentHi. Miss Andrics.SecretaryHiBret,how are you?StudentI’m fine; exceptI have a question about my paycheck.SecretarySure. What’up?StudentWellit’s already been severalweeksat the end of thesemester my checkwas supposed togo directlyinto mybank accountbut there haven’t been anydeposits.SecretaryThat’s odd.StudentYea,I thought graduate teaching a system for automatically put on the payroll at the beginning of the semester.SecretaryTheyare.Let’s see did you completeall the forms for the payroll?Student全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 I filled in whatever theysent me,and Ireturned like the end ofAugust.SecretaryHum, well,you definitely should have been paid bynow. Atleast two pay periods have passed since thenStudentI asked the bank and theydidn’t know anything. Who should I talkto about this, payroll?SecretaryI’m going tocontact them for you. There wasa problem in processing some ofthe graduate students’ payroll paper work. ‘Cause their computer program crashed afterall the information was processed.And some people’s information couldn’t be retrieved.StudentHum. Butwhy didn’t anyone letme know?SecretaryI don’t know how theyworkover there,‘cause theycouldn’t even figure out whose information wasmissing. And thisisn’t thefirst time, seemslike something like this happens everysemester.StudentSo how do Ifind out if my information was lost?全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 SecretaryI willcontact them tomorrowmorning to see if you’re in thesystem.But you’re probably not.StudentWhat then willlet me to do?SecretarySorry but you willneed to fill out those forms again and then Iwill fax them over the payroll office.StudentAnd then what…Well, what I really need toknow is how long tillI get the money,I’m already a month behind mybills and mytuitions due soon.SecretaryThat’ll get you into the system the same day theyreceive your paper works. So if you do that tomorrow,you’ll get paid nextFriday.StudentThat’s a long time from now. Will that pay checking include all the moneyI am owed?SecretaryItshould. I will double checkwith the payroll department.Student全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 And another thing, Isthereany wayI could getpaid sooner, Ihave been teaching all these weeks…SecretaryI know that’s not fair but I don’t think theycan do anything; all the checksare computed automatically in the system.Theycan’t just writechecks.StudentBut thereis another one to make mistakes. They’ve nevertold me!WomanI understand how you feeland if Iwere you, I’d be upset too.I’ll tell you what: when I callthem, Iwill explain thesituation and ask them if there is anyway you can be paid sooner.But Ihave to tell you that base on past experiencesyou shouldn’t count on it.Student(Sigh) Iunderstand thanks. Iknow it’s’not your fault and that you’re doing everything you can.SecretaryWell, what I CAN do is make sure that your first checkfor totalamount the university owesyou.StudentThat’ll be great! Thank you. I will be on campus about 10 tomorrow morning and Iwill come back to see you then.全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 TPO 12 – Lecture 3NarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a music history class. Theprofessor has been discussing Opera.ProfessorThe word opera means work, actually it means works. It’s the plural of theword opus from theLatin. And in Italian it refersin generalto works ofart. OperaLyric or lyric of opera refersto what we thinkof as opera, themusical drama.Opera was commonplace in Italyfor almost thousands of yearsbefore it became commercial as a venture.And during those years, severalthings happened primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization.Musical drama started in thechurches. It was an educational tool. Itwas used primarily as a vehicle for teaching religion and wasgenerally presented in theLatin, the language ofthe Christian Church which had considerable influence in Italyat that time. Butthe language of everyday life was evolving in Europe and at a certain point in themiddle ages it was reallyonly merchants, Socratics and clergywho can dealwith Latin. The vast majority ofthe population used their own regional vernacular in all aspects totheir lives. And so in what is nowItaly, operasquit being presented in Latin and started being presented inItalian. And once that happened, thethemesof the opera presentationsalso startedto change. And musical drama moved from thechurch to theplaza right全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 outside thechurch. And the themes again, the themeschanged. And opera was no longer about teaching religion as it was about satire and about expressing the ideasof societyyour government without committing yourself to writing and risking imprisonment or persecution, or what have you.Opera, as we think of it,is of course a rather restive form. Itis themelodious drama ofancient Greektheater,the term ‘melodious drama’being shortened eventuallyto ‘melodrama’ because operas frequentlyare melodramatic, not to say unrealistic. And the group that put thefirst operastogetherthat we have todayeven, were,theywere…well…it was a group of men that included GalloLeo’s father Venchesil, and theymetin Florence he and a group of friends of the countsof the partyand theyformed what is called the Camarola DayirBardy.And theytookclassical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissance’s time.This…uh…thisproduced some of the operasthat we have today.Now what happened in the following centuriesis verysimple.Opera originated in Italybut wasnot confined toItalyany more than the Italians were.And so as the Italians migrated across Europe,theycarried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form.What happened is that themajor divide in opera that endurestoday tookplace. The French said opera auto-reflect therhythm and Kevin ofdramatic literature,bearing in mind that we are talking about the golden age in French literature. And so the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic Kevin oflanguage, to the waythe rhythm全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 of language was used to expressfeeling and used to add drama and of course as a result instead ofarias or solos, which would come to dominated Italian opera. The French relied on that what is the Italian called French Word 1 orFrench Word 2 in English. The lyrics werespoken, frequently to the accomp**nt of a harpsichord.The French said you really cannot talkabout realpeople who lived in opera and theyrelied on mythology to give them theircharactersand their plots, mythology, the past old traditions, the novels of chivalry or the epicsof chivalry out of the middle Ages. The Italian said, no this is a greathistorical tooland what a betterway to educatethe public about Neo or Attalla or anynumber of people than to put them into a play theycan see and listen to. The English appropriated opera afterthe French. Opera came late to England because all theaters, public theaterswere closed, ofcourse, during their civil war.And it wasn’t until therestoration in 1660 that public theaters again opened and opera took off.The English made a major adjustment to opera and exported what theyhad done to opera back to Italy.So that you have thiscircle of musical influences, theItalians invented opera, theFrench adapted it,theEnglish adopted it,and the Italians took it back.Itcame to America late and wasconsidered to elitesfor the generalpublic. ButBroadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while. GeorgeChampon wrote about opera,“Ifan extraterrestrialbeing or two appear before全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 us and say,what is your societylike, what is this Earththing all about, you could do worse than takethat creatureto an opera.” Because opera does, after all, begin with a man and a woman and anymotion.TPO12 – Lecture 4NarratorListen to part ofa lecturein an environmentalscience class.ProfessorAll right folks, let’s continue our discussion of alternative energysources and move on to what’s probably the most well-known alternativeenergysource--- solar energy.The sun basically provides earth with virtually unlimited source of energyeveryday,but theproblem has always been how do we tap this source of energy.Can anyone think ofwhy it’s so difficult tomake use of solar energy?Student ABecause it is hard to gather it?ProfessorThat’s exactlyit. Solar energy is everywhere,but it’s also quite diffused. And the thing is the dream of solar energy is not a new one. Humanity has been trying touse the sun’s light as a reliable source of energyfor centuries.And around the beginning of the20th centurythere wereactually some primitive solar waterheaterson theconsumer market.Buttheydidn’t sellverywell. Any of you wanna guess why?全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Student AWell, therewereother energychoiceslike oiland natural gas, right?ProfessorYeah. And for better or for worse, we chose togo down that path as a society.When you consider economic factors, it’s easyto see why.But then in the1970s, there wasan interest in solar energyagain. Why do you thinkthat happened?Student BBecause oiland natural gas were...err...becamescarce?ProfessorWell, not exactly.The amount ofoil and naturalgas in the earth wasstill plentiful, but there wereother reasons. It’s a political thing reallyand I’m gonna get into that now.So what happened in the 1970s was oil and natural gas became veryexpensive veryquickly, and that spurred people to start looking into alternative forms ofenergy,solar energyprobably being the most popular.But then in the 80s, this trend reversed itself when the price ofoil and natural gas went down.Alright let’s shift our focus now to some of thetechnologies that have been invented to overcomethe problem of gathering diffused solar energy.The most basic solution is simply to carefully place windows in a building, so the sun shinesinto the building and then it’s absorbed and converted into heat. Can全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 anyone thinkof where thisis most commonly used?Student AGreenhouses.ProfessorYep,greenhouses where plants are keptwarm and provided with sunlight because the walls of the building are made entirelyof glass. But we do also have more complex systems that are used for space heating and theyfall into two categories,passive and active heating systems.Passive systems takeadvantage of thelocation or design of a house. For example,solar energy is gathered through large glass panels facing the sun.The heat is then storedin water-filled tanks or concrete. No mechanical devicesare used in passive heating systems. Theyoperatewith little or no mechanical assistance.With active systems, on the other hand, you collect the solar energy at one location, and then you use pumps and fans to move heat from the collectors through a plumbing system to a tank, where can be used toheat a home or to just provide hot water.Student BExcuse me professor,but I’ve got to ask, how can solar energywork at night or on cloudy days?Professor全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 That’s...Well...that is a reallygood question. Asa matter offacts, science is still working on it,trying to find ways ofenhancing energystorage techniques so that coming ofnight or cloudy days really wouldn’t matter.That is the biggest drawback to solar energy. The problem of what do you do in cases where the sun’s light is weak or virtually non-present.So the storage ofsolar energy,lots of solar energy,is a really important aspect.Student ADoesthat mean that solar energycan only be used on a small scale,like heating a home?ProfessorWellactually, therehave been some attemptsto build solar energy power plants. The world’s largest solar plant is located in Cremer Junction California.Itcan generate 194 megawattsof electric power, but that’s just a drop in the bucket.Right now theutility companies are interested in increasing the capacityof Cremer Junction Plant, but only time will tell if it will ever develop into a major source of power for that region, considering the economic and political factorsinvolved.源于：小马过河相关推荐：2012 年 11 月 18 日托福写作真题解析2012 年 11 月 18 日托福口语真题解析全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 2012 年 11 月 18 日托福阅读真题解析2012 年 11 月 18 日托福听力真题解析全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267

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