<p> TEST REVIEW – DNA</p><p>1. Answer the following questions regarding DNA.</p><p> a. Overall shape? Double Helix; Spiral Staircase; Twisted Ladder b. Nucleotide components? 5-Carbon Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous Base c. Rungs (ladder steps)? Nitrogenous Bases (A, T, C, G) d. Backbone? Sugar, Phosphate e. Function? Carry genetic information f. Location of “the code?” Nitrogenous Bases (A, T, C, G) g. How does the code compare Same bases, different sequences among different species?</p><p> h. What information did Watson The initial shape of the double helix. and Crick get from Franklin’s X-ray photograph?</p><p> i. How does eukaryotic DNA Eukaryotic – linear, in nucleus differ from Prokaryotic DNA? Prokaryotic – circular, floats in cytoplasm</p><p>2. Why does DNA copy itself? To create an exact copy of the original DNA; pass on genetic information</p><p>3. Give the functions for the following;</p><p> a. Helicase – unzips/uncoils the DNA strand</p><p> b. DNA polymerase – adds nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases</p><p>4. What is semiconservative replication? DNA strand is ½ old, and ½ new</p><p>5. To store and transmit genetic information is the function of what biomolecule? NUCLEIC ACIDS</p><p>6. RNA to a protein is called what? TRANSLATION</p><p>7. DNA to RNA is called what? TRANSCRIPTION</p><p>8. Where does Transcription take place in the cell? NUCLEUS 9. Where does Translation take place in the cell? RIBOSOME</p><p>10. What nitrogenous base is not found in DNA, but found in RNA? URACIL</p><p>11. A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base make up what monomer? NUCLEOTIDE</p><p>12. What does AGG code for? ARGININE</p><p>13. What does TAC code for? METHIONINE</p><p>14. How are bone cells different from muscle cells? EXPRESSED BY DIFFERENT GENES</p><p>15. What is the final product of transcription? mRNA STRAND</p><p>16. What is the final product of translation? PROTEIN/POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN</p><p>17. Exposure to red light caused yellow and orange feathers, exposure to green light caused blue and green </p><p> feathers. What type of factors caused this change? ENVIRONMENTAL </p><p>18. What is responsible for carrying coded information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? mRNA</p><p>19. What is responsible for carrying the amino acid? tRNA</p><p>20. What DNA strand is produced from the amino acid Methionine/Start? T A C</p><p>21. What RNA strand is produced from the amino acid Serine? A G U / A G C</p><p>22. How is the genetic code common to all living organisms? SAME FOUR NITROGENOUS BASES</p><p>23. How many strands make up RNA? ONE</p><p>24. What does RNA and DNA have in common? BOTH NUCLEIC ACIDS/A, C, G. BOTH TRANSMIT </p><p>GENETIC INFORMATION. BOTH ARE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION. BOTH ARE MADE </p><p>OF NUCLEOTIDES. </p><p>25. Name the following types of mutations; a. A base is added: INSERTION</p><p> b. A base is deleted: DELETION</p><p> c. A base is switched: SUBSTITUTION</p><p>26. A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA is called A FRAMESHIFT</p><p>27. Describe how some genetic mutations alter a DNA sequence and may not alter a protein. IT IS POSSIBLE FOR A MUTATION TO CHANGE THE DNA BUT THE RNA STILL CODES FOR THE SAME AMINO ACID. </p><p>28. Look at the following sequence: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. (a) Delete the first H and regroup the letters in groups of three (write out the new groups of three). (b) Does the sentence still make sense? (c) What type of mutation is this? </p><p> a. TEF ATC ATA TET HER AT</p><p> b. THE SENTENCE DOES NOT MAKE SENSE</p><p> c. THIS IS A DELETION AT THE FIRST CODON</p><p>29. Given the following three mRNA sequences, TWO code for the same protein. Which two? #1. AGU UUA GCA ACG AGA UCA #2. UCG CUA GCG ACC AGU UCA #3. AGC CUC GCC ACU CGU AGU </p><p>30. Who’s Who?</p><p>Here's the story of a lovely lady, who was bringing up one very lovely girl. She had blonde hair, just like her mother except she had curls. Here's the story, of a man named Brady, who was busy with one adopted boy of his own. They were two men, living all together, yet they were all alone. Till the one day when the lady met this fellow, and before they knew it there was two more to their bunch. Now all these kids somehow form a family. That's the way they all became the family Hunch.</p><p>Which children belong to just Mrs. Hunch? CHILD D2 (contains only DNA matches from Mom)</p><p>Which Children belong to both Hunches? CHILD D1 AND S1 (contains DNA from both Mom and Dad)</p><p>And which child is adopted? CHILD S2 (DNA segments do not match either parent) </p>