REVISITING THE MONUMENT FIFTY YEARS SINCE PANOFSKY’S TOMB SCULPTURE EDITED BY ANN ADAMS JESSICA BARKER Revisiting The Monument: Fifty Years since Panofsky’s Tomb Sculpture Edited by Ann Adams and Jessica Barker With contributions by: Ann Adams Jessica Barker James Alexander Cameron Martha Dunkelman Shirin Fozi Sanne Frequin Robert Marcoux Susie Nash Geoffrey Nuttall Luca Palozzi Matthew Reeves Kim Woods Series Editor: Alixe Bovey Courtauld Books Online is published by the Research Forum of The Courtauld Institute of Art Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R 0RN © 2016, The Courtauld Institute of Art, London. ISBN: 978-1-907485-06-0 Courtauld Books Online Advisory Board: Paul Binski (University of Cambridge) Thomas Crow (Institute of Fine Arts) Michael Ann Holly (Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute) Courtauld Books Online is a series of scholarly books published by The Courtauld Institute of Art. The series includes research publications that emerge from Courtauld Research Forum events and Courtauld projects involving an array of outstanding scholars from art history and conservation across the world. It is an open-access series, freely available to readers to read online and to download without charge. The series has been developed in the context of research priorities of The Courtauld which emphasise the extension of knowledge in the fields of art history and conservation, and the development of new patterns of explanation. For more information contact [email protected] All chapters of this book are available for download at courtauld.ac.uk/research/courtauld-books-online Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of images reproduced in this publication. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. All rights reserved. Cover Image: Detail of tomb of Jacopo de Carrara © Luca Palozzi. CONTENTS List of Illustrations 5 Notes on Contributors 8 Acknowledgements 10 Introduction 11 JESSICA BARKER Erwin Panofsky’s Tomb Sculpture: Creating the Monument 16 SUSIE NASH I. REASSESSING PANOFSKY From the ‘Pictorial’ to the ‘Statuesque’: Two Romanesque 30 Effigies and the Problem of Plastic Form. SHIRIN FOZI Memory, Presence and the Medieval Tomb 49 ROBERT MARCOUX Panofsky's Tomb Sculpture and the Development of the Early 68 Renaissance Floor Tomb: The Tomb Slab of Lorenzo Trenta by Jacopo della Quercia Reappraised. GEOFFREY NUTTALL II. MONUMENTS AND THEIR VIEWERS Petrarch and Memorial Art: Blurring the Borders between 89 Art Theory and Art Practice in Trecento Italy LUCA PALOZZI Stone and Bone: The Corpse, the Effigy and the Viewer in 113 Late-Medieval Tomb Sculpture JESSICA BARKER Competing for Dextro Cornu Magnum Altaris: Funerary 137 Monuments and Liturgical Seating in English Churches JAMES ALEXANDER CAMERON III. MONUMENTS AND MATERIALS Panofsky: Materials and Condition 155 KIM WOODS Revealed/Concealed: Monumental Brasses on Tomb Chests— 160 The Examples of John I, Duke of Cleves, and Catherine of Bourbon ANN ADAMS Veiling and Unveiling: The Materiality of the Tomb of 184 John I of Avesnes and Philippa of Luxembourg in the Franciscan church of Valenciennes SANNE FREQUIN ‘Nostre sépulture et derrenière maison’: A Reconsideration of the 201 Tomb of Jean de Berry for the Sainte-Chapelle at Bourges, its Inception, Revision and Reconstruction MATTHEW REEVES Deconstructing Donatello and Michelozzo’s Brancacci Tomb 226 MARTHA DUNKELMAN Bibliography 240 Photograph Credits 257 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER 1 3.4 Tomb of Arnoult of Saint-Père (c.1250). Erroneously 1.1 identified as that of Archbishop Robert of Normandy Cover of Tomb Sculpture. on the drawing. Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Gough Drawings Gaignières 9, fol. 48. 1.2 Tomb Sculpture figs 237-39: St. Reinheldis and Sulpicius 3.5 Cultor (tomb slabs); Apotheosis of Romulus (leaf of ivory Tomb of Juhel III of Mayenne (c.1260). Oxford, Bodleian diptych). Library Ms. Gough Drawings Gaignières 14 fol. 200. 1.3 3.6 Tomb Sculpture figs 224-25: Effigy of Bishop Wolfhart von Tomb of Robert Sarrasin (†1278). Paris, Bibliothèque Roth, seen from above and from foot of tomb. nationale de France, Est. Réserve Pe 1e, fol. 67, copy of Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Gough Drawings 1.4 Gaignières 13, fol. 67. Contents page of Tomb Sculpture. 3.7 CHAPTER 2 Tomb of Abbot Mathieu of Vendôme (†1286). Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 7Est. Réserve Pe 11a, 2.1 fol. 84. Tomb of Rudolf of Swabia (c.1080-84). Bronze with traces of gilding, Merseburg Cathedral. 3.8 Tomb of Anne of Beaulieu (†c.1280). Paris, Bibliothèque 2.2 nationale de France, Est. Réserve Pe 3, fol. 28. Tomb of Rudolf of Swabia (c.1080-84), overhead view. Bronze with traces of gilding, Merseburg Cathedral. CHAPTER 4 2.3 4.1 Tomb of Widukind of Saxony (c.1100-30), overhead Donatello, Tomb slab of Giovanni Crivelli (1432-33). view. Plaster (stucco), Enger (Westphalia), Church of St. Marble, 235 x 88 cm, Rome, Santa Maria Araceli. Dionysus. 4.2 2.4 Donatello, Tomb slab of Bishop Giovanni Pecci (after Tomb of Widukind of Saxony (c.1100-30), shown in 1427). Bronze, 247 x 88 cm, Siena Cathedral. profile as installed today on a sarcophagus from the 16th century. Plaster (stucco), Enger (Westphalia), Church of 4.3 St. Dionysus. Jacopo della Quercia, Tomb slab of Lorenzo Trenta (1413-16). Marble, 247 x 122 cm, Lucca, San Frediano, 2.5 Trenta Chapel. Milan Ciborium (10th century). Plaster (stucco), Milan, Church of Sant’Ambrogio. 4.4 Tomb slab of Giovanni Castracani degli Antelminelli 2.6. (†1342). Marble, 234 x 84 cm, Pisa San Francesco. Holy Sepulchre, western wall exterior (c.1130). Plaster (stucco), Gernrode, Church of St. Cyriakus. 4.5 Tomb slab of Giovanni Riccardi (dated 1517). Marble, 225 CHAPTER 3 x 86 cm, Pisa, Carmine. 3.1 4.6 Tomb of Ulger of Angers (c.1155). Wood,132 x 198 x 46 Interior of the Trenta Chapel (begun 1412, sculptural cm, Angers Cathedral. decoration completed 1422). 3.2 4.7 Tomb of Ulger of Angers (c.1155). Oxford, Bodleian Jacopo della Quercia and Giovanni da Imola, The Trenta Library MS Gough Drawings Gaignières 14, fol. 190. Altarpiece (1416-22). Marble, main panel, 230 x 296 cm, with predella 273 x 303 cm, Trenta Chapel. 3.3 Detail of the tomb of Ulger of Angers (c.1155). Oxford, 4.8 Bodleian Library MS Gough Drawings Gaignières 14, Jacopo della Quercia and Giovanni da Imola, Tomb slabs fol. 191. of Lorenzo Trenta and his male descendants (left) and of LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 6 the Women and female descendants of Lorenzo Trenta 6.6 (right) (1413-16). Lucca, San Frediano, Trenta Chapel. William Sedgwick, ink-and-wash drawing of the monument to John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster 4.9 (June 1641), British Library Additional MS 71474, Giovanni da Imola, St. Mark and St. John, from an fol. 183. unfinished pulpit (1423). Marble, 73 x 51 cm, Cathedral, Siena. 6.7 Monument to João I and Philippa of Lancaster (complete 4.10 1434). Limestone, 334 x 170 Details of Lorenzo Trenta in the guise of St. Jerome in x c.198 cm, Monastery of Batalha. Founder’s Chapel. the tomb slab, dossal and predella of the Trenta Chapel. 6.8 4.11 Engraving of excavations below the monument to John Claus Sluter, Well of Moses (1395-1403), detail of Philip Fitzalan, c.1860. the Bold in the guise of the Prophet Jeremiah. Limestone and polychromy, height 179 cm, Dijon, Chartreuse de 6.9 Champmol. John Fitzalan’s effigy (c.1435-45). Alabaster, length 186 cm, Arundel, Fitzalan Chapel. 4.12 Parement Master, St Jerome in his study, Très Belles 6.10 Heures (the Turin Hours) (c.1390). MS 47, fol. 80v. John Fitzalan’s cadaver effigy (c.1435-45). Limestone, Destroyed. length 181 cm, Arundel, Fitzalan Chapel. CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 7 5.1 7.1 Pacio and Giovanni Bertini, Tomb of King Robert of Effigy of Bishop Godfrey Giffard, before 1302, probably Anjou (†1343), detail, before the extensive damage 1290s. Purbeck marble, Worcester Cathedral. suffered during the Second World War. Naples, Santa Chiara. 7.2 Prince Arthur’s Chantry, south side (c.1502-15), with 5.2 fragments of tomb of Bishop Giffard and the tomb of Pacio and Giovanni Bertini, Tomb of King Robert of a lady (Matilda d’Evereux?), from south-east transept, Anjou (†1343), detail of King Robert’s gisant before the Worcester Cathedral. extensive damage suffered during the Second World War. 7.3 Tomb of Bishop William Louth, south side (c.1298). 5.3 Stone, Ely Cathedral. Tomb slab of Franceschino di Francescuolo da Brossano (†1368). Marble, 140 x 90 x 9 cm, Pavia, Musei Civici del 7.4 Prince Arthur’s Chantry, north side with built-in Castello Visconteo. four-seat sedilia (c.1502-15), from high altar sanctuary, Worcester Cathedral. 5.4 Andriolo De’ Santi and workshop, Tomb of Jacopo 7.5 da Carrara (†1350), detail. Marble, Padua, Eremitani, Sedilia of high altar (c.1307). Wood with polychromy, formerly in the church of Sant’Agostino. Westminster Abbey. 5.5 7.6 Pacio and Giovanni Bertini, King Robert of Anjou’s Tomb niche (originally constructed c.1245-64) underneath gisant A. Naples, Santa Chiara, Choir of the Nuns. sedilia, view from south ambulatory, Westminster Abbey. 5.6 7.7 Andriolo De’ Santi and workshop, Tomb of Jacopo da Sedilia of high altar (c.1316-28). Stone, Exeter Cathedral. Carrara (†1350), detail of Jacopo’s face. 7.8 5.7 Tomb of Michael and Katherine de la Pole, c.1415, set in Andrew George, Josefina (2014). arcade bay of 1460s with added sedilia. Collegiate parish church of Wingfield, Suffolk. CHAPTER 6 7.9 6.1 Tomb of Katherine Swynford (†1403, canopy probably Carthusian Miscellany, northern England (c.1460-70), late 17th century), truncating screenwork of c.1296 British Library Additional MS 37049, fol.